反馈相关负波与成瘾

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2020.00959

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

反馈相关负波(feedback-related negativity, FRN)是反馈加工诱发的脑电成分, 体现了个体对奖赏的敏感性。成瘾分为物质成瘾和行为成瘾, 两类个体的反馈加工都呈现病理性模式。相对于普通反馈物(如金钱), 物质成瘾个体在加工成瘾物质时诱发的FRN波幅显著增大; 在与非成瘾被试的对照研究中, 物质成瘾者加工金钱反馈时的FRN也表现出与成瘾相关的异常模式; 在行为成瘾个体中亦观察到与物质成瘾个体类似的FRN失调现象。但以往多数研究中对成瘾类型的区分还不够详细, 未来研究应进一步考虑成瘾不同亚型的特点; 且成瘾个体往往伴随其他精神障碍(如抑郁、焦虑), 将来的研究要区分共病因素的影响, 揭示成瘾独特的奖赏加工机制问题。

关键词: 反馈相关负波, 物质成瘾, 行为成瘾, 强化学习, 奖赏机制

Abstract:

Feedback-related negativity (FRN) refers to the electroencephalogram component induced by feedback processing which reflects the individual's sensitivity to reward. Addiction can be broadly classified into substance addiction and behavior addiction. Both types of addicted individuals show pathological patterns in feedback processing. Comparing with the ordinary feedback (such as money), the FRN amplitude induced by feedback of addiction substance significantly increased in individuals with substance addiction. In the control study with non-addicted subjects, substance addicts also showed abnormal patterns relating to addiction when processing monetary feedback stimuli. Similar FRN irregularities were also observed in individuals with behavioral addiction. However, the classification of addiction disorders in most previous studies is not specific enough, and the characteristics of different subtypes of addiction disorders should be further taken into consideration in future studies. Moreover, addicted individuals are often accompanied by other mental disorders (such as depression, anxiety). Further studies should distinguish the influences of comorbid factors and reveal the unique reward processing mechanisms underlying addiction.

Key words: feedback-related negativity, substance addiction, behavioral addiction, reinforcement learning, reward mechanism

中图分类号:

B845

陈乐乐, 黄蓉, 贾世伟. (2020). 反馈相关负波与成瘾. 心理科学进展 , 28(6), 959-968.

CHEN Lele, HUANG Rong, JIA Shiwei. (2020). Feedback-related negativity and addiction. Advances in Psychological Science, 28(6), 959-968.

图/表 2

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成瘾研究	成瘾物质/行为	程度	N	诊断标准/工具	实验任务	FRN
物质成瘾
Baker et al., 2011	Pol.	亚临床	18	ASSIST	赌博*	普通奖赏物 ↓
Baker et al., 2016	Pol.	亚临床	195	ASSIST	赌博	普通奖赏物 ↓
Baker, Wood, & Holroyd, 2016	Pol.	亚临床	12	ASSIST	赌博	成瘾物质 ↑
Baker et al., 2017	烟草	亚临床	20	FTND	赌博	成瘾物质 ↑
Fein et al., 2008	酒精	临床	22	DSM-Ⅳ	BART	普通奖赏物 ↓
Franken et al., 2010	酒精	正常	47	QFV-I	RPT	普通奖赏物 ↑
Hixson et al., 2019	酒精	临床	15	DSM-Ⅳ	GRT	普通奖赏物 ↑
Kamarajan et al., 2010	酒精	临床	40	DSM-Ⅳ	赌博	普通奖赏物 ↓
Morie et al., 2016	可卡因	临床	23	DSM-Ⅳ	快速反应任务	普通奖赏物 ↓
Muñoz et al., 2012	烟草	亚临床	32	FTND	预测任务	成瘾物质 ↑
Parvaz et al., 2015	可卡因	临床	50	临床访谈	门任务	普通奖赏物 ↓
Potts et al., 2014	烟草	亚临床	22	DSM-Ⅳ	RPT	普通奖赏物 ↑
Soder et al., 2019	酒精	正常	85	DDQ-R	RPT, BART	普通奖赏物 ↓
Wei et al., 2018	甲基苯丙胺	临床	21	DSM-Ⅴ	赌博	普通奖赏物 ↑
行为成瘾
Hewig et al., 2010	赌博	临床	20	DSM-Ⅳ	真实赌博	普通奖赏物 ↑
He et al., 2017	网络	亚临床	16	临床访谈	赌博	普通奖赏物 ↓
Lole et al., 2015	赌博	亚临床	16	PGSI	赌博	普通奖赏物 ↓
Li et al., 2019	网络	临床	34	DSM-Ⅴ	赌博	普通奖赏物 ↓
Oberg et al., 2011	赌博	亚临床	15	CPGI	IGT	普通奖赏物 ↑
Torres et al., 2013	赌博	临床	21	DSM-Ⅳ	反转学习	普通奖赏物 ↓
Ulrich et al., 2018	赌博	亚临床	20	DSM-Ⅳ	赌博	普通奖赏物 ↓
Yau et al., 2015	网络	亚临床	39	临床访谈	BART	普通奖赏物 ↓

成瘾研究	成瘾物质/行为	程度	N	诊断标准/工具	实验任务	FRN
物质成瘾
Baker et al., 2011	Pol.	亚临床	18	ASSIST	赌博*	普通奖赏物 ↓
Baker et al., 2016	Pol.	亚临床	195	ASSIST	赌博	普通奖赏物 ↓
Baker, Wood, & Holroyd, 2016	Pol.	亚临床	12	ASSIST	赌博	成瘾物质 ↑
Baker et al., 2017	烟草	亚临床	20	FTND	赌博	成瘾物质 ↑
Fein et al., 2008	酒精	临床	22	DSM-Ⅳ	BART	普通奖赏物 ↓
Franken et al., 2010	酒精	正常	47	QFV-I	RPT	普通奖赏物 ↑
Hixson et al., 2019	酒精	临床	15	DSM-Ⅳ	GRT	普通奖赏物 ↑
Kamarajan et al., 2010	酒精	临床	40	DSM-Ⅳ	赌博	普通奖赏物 ↓
Morie et al., 2016	可卡因	临床	23	DSM-Ⅳ	快速反应任务	普通奖赏物 ↓
Muñoz et al., 2012	烟草	亚临床	32	FTND	预测任务	成瘾物质 ↑
Parvaz et al., 2015	可卡因	临床	50	临床访谈	门任务	普通奖赏物 ↓
Potts et al., 2014	烟草	亚临床	22	DSM-Ⅳ	RPT	普通奖赏物 ↑
Soder et al., 2019	酒精	正常	85	DDQ-R	RPT, BART	普通奖赏物 ↓
Wei et al., 2018	甲基苯丙胺	临床	21	DSM-Ⅴ	赌博	普通奖赏物 ↑
行为成瘾
Hewig et al., 2010	赌博	临床	20	DSM-Ⅳ	真实赌博	普通奖赏物 ↑
He et al., 2017	网络	亚临床	16	临床访谈	赌博	普通奖赏物 ↓
Lole et al., 2015	赌博	亚临床	16	PGSI	赌博	普通奖赏物 ↓
Li et al., 2019	网络	临床	34	DSM-Ⅴ	赌博	普通奖赏物 ↓
Oberg et al., 2011	赌博	亚临床	15	CPGI	IGT	普通奖赏物 ↑
Torres et al., 2013	赌博	临床	21	DSM-Ⅳ	反转学习	普通奖赏物 ↓
Ulrich et al., 2018	赌博	亚临床	20	DSM-Ⅳ	赌博	普通奖赏物 ↓
Yau et al., 2015	网络	亚临床	39	临床访谈	BART	普通奖赏物 ↓