ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办：中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 349-363.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2015.00349

• 主编特邀 •    下一篇

记忆提取的决定因素：线索负荷、编码-提取匹配和辨别

白学军1;刘湍丽1,2;邢敏2;巩彦斌1   

  1. (1天津师范大学心理与行为研究院, 国民心理健康评估与促进协同创新中心, 天津 300074) (2信阳师范学院教育科学学院, 信阳 464000)
  • 收稿日期:2013-10-10 出版日期:2015-03-15 发布日期:2015-03-15
  • 通讯作者: 刘湍丽, E-mail: liutuanli@126.com; 白学军, E-mail: bxuejun@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(08JJDXLX266)、天津市高等学校心理健康与行为调控创新团队(39)和天津市哲学社会科学规划重点课题(TJJX13-002)资助。

The Determinant Factor of Memory Performance: Cue Overload, Encoding-retrieval Match and Memory-as-discrimination

BAI Xuejun1; LIU Tuanli1,2; XING Min2; GONG Yanbin1   

  1. (1 Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Collaborative Innovation Center for National Mental Health Assessment and Promotion, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300074, China) (2 School of Education Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China)
  • Received:2013-10-10 Online:2015-03-15 Published:2015-03-15
  • Contact: LIU Tuanli, E-mail: liutuanli@126.com; BAI Xuejun, E-mail: bxuejun@126.com

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摘要：

“哪些因素决定提取效果”是记忆研究的主要问题之一。线索负荷假说认为与提取线索相关联的项目数量决定了提取效果, 编码-提取匹配假说则强调编码与提取阶段的匹配程度决定提取成绩。这两者在记忆研究的不同时期均受到研究者的关注。在整合以往研究的基础上, 有研究者提出了记忆是一个辨别过程的新观点, 认为真正对回忆成绩起决定作用的是线索在多大程度上与某一目标项目匹配并能排除其他可能的备选项目。该观点对深入探索“哪些因素决定提取效果”这一问题提供了新的视角。在未来的研究中, 研究者应正确看待辨别过程观点与编码-提取匹配观点的关系, 同时可以借助新的技术手段从多个层面对这一新观点进行检验, 并进一步丰富和完善该理论解释。

关键词: 线索负荷, 编码-提取匹配, 辨别过程

Abstract:

One of the most fundamental questions that research on human cognition has to answer is what determines our memory performance. The cue overload hypothesis states that as the number of items in memory associated with a cue increases, the effectiveness of the cue declines, while the encoding–retrieval match hypothesis states that memory performance depends on the extent to which encoded retrieval information matches the to-be-recalled representation. Both hypotheses mentioned above attracted attention of the researchers in different times. Based on the previous researches, the new perspective of memory as discrimination was proposed. Memory as discrimination perspective states that what really determines the probability of recall is the degree to which a cue is uniquely associated with a target, to the exclusion of other potential retrieval candidates, which offers a new sight to the question of ‘what determines our memory performance’. Future research should be engaged in testing this new perspective multifaceted, meanwhile, adopting new technology should be promoted.

Key words: cue overload, encoding-retrieval match, memory-as-discrimination