ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办:中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2): 338-348.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2015.00338

• 研究前沿 • 上一篇    

死亡心理:外部防御还是内在成长?

韦庆旺1;周雪梅2;俞国良3   

  1. (1中国人民大学心理学系, 北京 100872) (2北京师范大学出版社, 北京 100875) (3中国人民大学心理研究所, 北京 100872)
  • 收稿日期:2014-05-26 出版日期:2015-02-14 发布日期:2015-02-14
  • 通讯作者: 周雪梅, E-mail: zxm@bnupg.com
  • 基金资助:

    北京高等学校青年英才计划项目和国家自然科学基金项目(81171292)资助。

The Psychology of Death: External Defense or Internal Growth?

WEI Qingwang1; ZHOU Xuemei2; YU Guoliang3   

  1. (1 Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China) (2 Beijing Normal University Press, Beijing 100875, China) (3 Institute of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China)
  • Received:2014-05-26 Online:2015-02-14 Published:2015-02-14
  • Contact: ZHOU Xuemei, E-mail: zxm@bnupg.com

摘要:

对西方主要的死亡心理研究进行了回顾和比较分析, 不同的死亡心理研究在研究传统、研究对象和研究方法方面存在差异。但是根据研究的侧重点, 可以总结出死亡心理的核心内涵:外部防御和内在成长。对死亡的抽象认知产生死亡焦虑, 死亡焦虑产生死亡恐惧、自我保护、外在价值导向等外部防御反应; 对死亡的具体认知产生死亡反省, 死亡反省产生死亡接受、亲社会动机和行为、内在价值导向等内在成长反应。作者以死亡心理的两类反应为框架, 综述了近5年来新的研究证据, 并对该领域当前研究的局限和未来研究方向进行了分析。

关键词: 死亡心理, 死亡意识, 外部防御, 内在成长

Abstract:

The psychology of death discussed by Western psychologist is reviewed. There are several kinds of psychological researches about death, which drive from different research traditions, focus on different subjects and use different methods. The authors attempt to reconcile diverging paths in the study of death and disclose that the core of the psychology of death involve both external defense and internal growth. The abstract death cognition tends to cause death anxiety, which creates the external defensive psychological responses including fear of death, self-protection, and external value orientation. The concrete death cognition tends to cause death reflection, which creates the internal growth psychological responses including death acceptance, prosocial motivation (or behavior), and internal value orientation. Based on the core of the psychology of death, the authors review the related research evidences published in recent 5 years. Finally, the limitations and future directions in death research are analyzed.

Key words: the psychology of death, death conscious, external defense, internal growth