ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办：中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理科学进展 ›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (7): 1229-1238.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2013.01229 cstr: 32111.14.2013.01229

• 研究前沿 • 上一篇    下一篇

动物和人类的利他本性：共情的进化

潘彦谷;刘衍玲;冉光明;雷浩;马建苓;滕召军   

  1. (1西南大学心理学部, 西南大学心理健康教育研究中心, 认知与人格教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400715) (2电子科技大学神经信息教育部重点实验室, 成都 610054)
  • 收稿日期:2012-10-15 出版日期:2013-07-15 发布日期:2013-07-15
  • 基金资助:

    西南大学心理学部2012研究团队建设项目(TR201204-5)和西南大学211工程国家重点学科基础心理学资助项目(NSKD11059) 资助。

Animal and Human Altruistic Nature: The Evolution of Empathy

PAN Yangu;LIU Yanling;RAN Guangming;LEI Hao;MA Jianling;TENG Zhaojun   

  1. (1 Department of Psychology, Southwest University; Research Center of Mental Health Education, Southwest University; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China) (2 Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China)
  • Received:2012-10-15 Online:2013-07-15 Published:2013-07-15

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摘要： 共情指个体感知或想象其他个体的情感, 并部分体验到其他个体感受的心理过程。利他指以增加其他个体的福利为最终目标的动机。共情起源于动物的亲代养育行为, 其神经基础来源于古老的情感系统。共情从动物低水平的情绪感染逐渐进化到同情关注以及观点采择共情。另外, 共情具有良好的环境适应性。未来可以进一步研究动物与人类的共情和利他行为的异同, 加大研究动物的高级共情能力和利他行为以及深入研究共情受社会因素的调节机制。

关键词: 共情, 进化, 利他, 情绪感染, 同情关注, 观点采择共情

Abstract: Empathy occurs when an observer perceives or imagines someone else’s affect and this triggers a response such that the observer partially feels what the target is feeling. Altruism refers to the motivation of which ultimate goal is to increase other individuals’ welfare. Empathy originates from animals’ parental rearing behavior and its neural basis is derived from old emotional system. Empathy has evolved from animals’ simple emotional contagion to sympathetic concern and empathic perspective-taking. In addition, empathy has a good adaptability to the environment. Future research can focus on the similarity and difference between human beings’ and animals’ empathy and altruistic behaviors, animals’ advanced empathy ability and altruistic behaviors, and the regulation mechanism of social factors on empathy.

Key words: empathy, evolution, altruism, emotional contagion, sympathetic concern, empathic perspective-taking