当父母有助于成为好领导?基于“父母-领导增益”视角的领导力发展探究

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2024.01551

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 领导力发展是组织管理领域的前沿研究主题, 也是人力资源管理实践中亟待突破的现实问题。过往研究多关注组织内部培训和挑战性工作经历对领导力发展的促进作用, 但成效提升存在瓶颈。新的研究趋势强调跨领域的“全人”发展, 特别是非工作场景经验对领导力发展的重要作用。本文采用“家庭-工作增益”理论视角, 探讨父母角色经验如何通过工具性、情感性和效率性增益路径影响领导角色有效性, 在理论层面上提出基于“父母-领导增益”视角的领导力发展模型。未来研究可明确父母角色经验和领导角色有效性之间的定性和定量关系, 并尝试从强化增益意识等方面开展干预研究, 以促进实践中的领导力发展。

关键词: 领导力发展, 父母-领导增益, 家庭-工作增益, 领导角色有效性, 父母角色经验

Abstract: Leadership development is a cutting-edge research topic in the field of organizational management and a pressing issue in human resource management practice. Previous studies have often focused on the role of training courses and challenging work experiences inside enterprises to cultivate leadership, but these approaches face limitations in enhancing effectiveness. Recent research has focused on leadership development across multiple domains with the “whole person” approach, particularly the effects of non-work experience on leadership development in the working domain. Based on this new perspective, family and work, as the two main domains in which adult leaders are situated, are not mutually exclusive or even conflicting in terms of leadership development. On the contrary, taking on family roles, especially the role of a parent, should contribute to the development of leadership.
Therefore, we adopt the family-work enrichment perspective and the parent-leader similarity hypothesis. Firstly, we summarize existing research findings on leadership development and family-work enrichment, highlighting the enrichment relationship between the specific roles of parent and leader. Next, we focus on two important variables in the parental and leadership roles: parental experience and leader effectiveness, exploring how parental experience influences leader effectiveness through instrumental, affective, and efficiency enrichment pathways. Theoretically, we propose a leadership development model based on the “parent-leader enrichment” perspective. Specifically, the instrumental enrichment process guided by role accumulation theory suggests that skills acquired through the parental role, such as parenting skill, patience, and empathy, can transfer to the workplace, enhancing leadership skills. The affective enrichment process guided by spillover effect theory posits that positive emotions from the parental role can spill over into the work domain, leading to similar positive emotions in the leadership role. The efficiency enrichment process guided by conservation of resources theory indicates that time pressure from child-rearing can increase leaders' work engagement and decision-making efficiency. The model also considers the moderating effects of individuals' awareness, identity, and efficacy regarding “parent-leader enrichment” in the three enrichment processes. Finally, considering the needs of leadership development programs, the model proposes intervention experiments that can be conducted from the aspects of awareness, identity, and efficacy of enrichment to enhance the effects of instrumental, affective, and efficiency enrichment between parental and leadership roles.
We adopt a positive perspective of interdisciplinary integration, helping to maximize the enrichment effect and has significant theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, our study offers the following contributions: first, we provide a new perspective and approach for leadership development research, extending the focus beyond the workplace to include the family domain. Second, we explore and supplement the positive “work-family enrichment” perspective in organizational management, contributing to a shift from the predominantly negative “work-family conflict” theories. Third, we clarify the potential enrichment relationship between the specific and important roles of parent and leader within the domains of work and family, supplementing and refining the parent-leader similarity hypothesis. Finally, we investigate the instrumental, affective, and efficiency mechanisms of enrichment, revealing the internal processes of enrichment between the two roles. Practically, our study aims to enhance leadership capabilities and effectiveness by providing innovative and effective training interventions for corporate leadership development programs, focusing on awareness, identity, and efficacy of enrichment. Second, we help corporate leaders update and transform their perceptions, turning conflict into enrichment, viewing parental responsibilities as a positive factor in leadership development, thus achieving a win-win situation between the roles of parent and leader. Finally, we address the current work-family conflict faced by the workforce (especially leaders) and the absence in child-rearing, promoting and implementing family-friendly policies in corporate organizations, contributing to the establishment of a family-friendly society.
Future research could clarify the qualitative and quantitative relationship between parental experience and leader effectiveness, examining whether leaders who are parents are more effective in their leadership skills and outcomes compared to those who are not parents, thereby further validating the arguments presented in our study. Additionally, future studies could investigate the enrichment mechanisms through which parental experience enhances leader effectiveness, while also considering the impact of gender on these mechanisms. Finally, future research could explore intervention studies aimed at enhancing awareness, identity, and efficacy of enrichment, to promote leadership development in practice.

Key words: leadership development, parent-leader enrichment, family-work enrichment, leader effectiveness, parental experience

中图分类号:

B849: C93

刘争光, 李梦吟. (2024). 当父母有助于成为好领导?基于“父母-领导增益”视角的领导力发展探究. 心理科学进展 , 32(9), 1551-1566.

LIU Zhengguang, LI Mengyin. (2024). Being a good parent helps to be a better leader? A leadership development model from parent-leader enrichment perspective. Advances in Psychological Science, 32(9), 1551-1566.

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