积极身体意象的前因后果及其提升策略

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2023.00815

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

积极身体意象是指个体对自己身体的认知接纳和独特性与功能性的欣赏, 以及对身体评价信息的积极加工与保护, 对个体具有内外增益的作用。以生物−心理−社会模型以及身体意象的操作性定义为理论框架, 研究发现积极身体意象受到性别、年龄及身体质量指数等生物因素, 人格因素、认知方式与内感受等心理因素以及重要他人、大众媒体及价值观念等社会文化因素的影响, 对个体的身体认知、情绪体验及行为调控具有保护作用, 其中, 身体质量指数、神经质及感知来自重要他人和大众媒体的压力具有凸显性, 心理因素与社会文化因素对个体积极身体意象的影响大于生物因素。同时, 功能性聚焦干预和基于自我同情的干预成为了当前使用最多的两种提升策略, 前者的有效性更强, 而后者的应用与推广更具优势。未来研究可以基于交叉理论, 丰富积极身体意象的理论模型, 探究其发展特点与发生机制, 优化提升策略的内容与适用性并注意家庭因素的防治作用, 助推积极身体意象的中国化研究。

关键词: 积极身体意象, 消极身体意象, 提升策略

Abstract:

Early research focused on the prevention and improvement of negative body image, but with the rise of positive psychology, researchers realized that positive body image and negative body image are not polar parts of body image. Positive body image is an important protective factor for an individual's mental health, and it is a multifaceted structure that includes but is not limited to body appreciation. In order to guide researchers to change the positive perspective of body image research and promote people's physical and mental health and self-improvement, this study summarized positive body image, sorted out the influencing factors, protective effects, and promotion strategies of positive body image, and looked forward to future research directions, so as to provide some theoretical reference for the research on the Sinicization of positive body image.
This study believes that positive body image refers to the individual's cognitive acceptance of his own body, and the appreciation of the uniqueness and function of the body, as well as the active processing and protection of body evaluation information, which has the effect of internal and external gain on the individual. Taking the biopsychosocial model and the operational definition of body image as the theoretical framework, the study found that positive body image is affected by biological factors such as gender, age, and body mass index, psychological factors such as personality factors, cognitive mode, and interoception, as well as socio-cultural factors such as important others, mass media, and values, and has a protective effect on individual physical cognition, emotional experience, and behavior regulation, among which the body mass index, neuroticism, and perception of pressure from important others and mass media are prominent. Psychological and sociocultural factors have a greater influence on an individual's positive body image than biological factors. At the same time, functional-focused intervention and self-compassion-based intervention have become the two most commonly used promotion strategies, the former is more effective, while the latter has more advantages in the application and promotion. Specifically, existing studies have mostly focused on women, but ignored the gender differences in positive body image and the influence of men on women's positive body image construction. At the same time, positive body image is developmental, and current cross-sectional research cannot elucidate in detail the mechanism of transition from negative body image to positive body image and ignores the content integrity and object applicability of positive body image enhancement strategies, especially the influence of important others (especially parents) on individual positive body image. In addition, due to cultural differences in positive body image, the development of Sinicized measurement tools is particularly important.
Future research can enrich the theoretical model of positive body image based on intersection theory, and deepen people's understanding of its antecedents and consequences by constructing the biopsychosocial model of positive body image. We can further explore the age characteristics of body image and its relationship with executive function through longitudinal tracking design combined with the recall method, such as recalling and retelling the experience of body image transformation, and clarify the occurrence mechanism of positive body image. Based on the complete characteristics of positive body image, future research should consider family factors and demographic differences of intervention targets to ensure the comprehensiveness, applicability, and timeliness of promotion strategies. At the same time, based on the cultural background of our country, we should construct the structure and assessment tools for positive body image with Chinese characteristics, guide the public to form healthy body image and promote the study of positive body image in China.

Key words: positive body image, negative body image, promotion strategies

中图分类号:

B849: C91

杨超, 董之婕, 闻浩言, 周一舟, 王艳丽, 袁方舟. (2023). 积极身体意象的前因后果及其提升策略. 心理科学进展 , 31(5), 815-826.

YANG Chao, DONG Zhijie, WEN Haoyan, ZHOU Yizhou, WANG Yanli, YUAN Fangzhou. (2023). The determinants and consequences of positive body image and its promotion strategies. Advances in Psychological Science, 31(5), 815-826.

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