反事实思维两大理论：范例说和目标－指向说

心理科学进展 ›› 2007, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (3): 416-422.

反事实思维两大理论：范例说和目标－指向说

陈俊;贺晓玲;张积家

华南师范大学教育科学学院心理学系/心理应用研究中心，广州 510631

收稿日期:2006-07-09 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2007-05-15 发布日期:2007-05-15
通讯作者: 陈俊

Two Theories in Counterfactual Thinking:
Norm Theory Perspective and Goal-Directed Perspective

Chen Jun;He Xiaoling;Zhang Jijia

Psychology Department 0f Education Science School of South China Normal University/
Psychology Applied Research Center, GuangZhou 510631, China

Received:2006-07-09 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2007-05-15 Published:2007-05-15
Contact: Chen Jun

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 反事实思维是个体对不真实的条件或可能性进行替换的一种思维过程。该文通过综合国外许多研究者的研究成果，探讨了反事实思维的定义、分类以及反事实思维的两大理论：范例说和目标－指向说。范例说认为反事实思维的激发是自动化过程，影响反事实思维产生的因素包括：正常性、结果的效价、与替代结果的接近性、前提的突变性和前提的突出性。目标－指向说则认为反事实思维的激发过程同样受目标、情绪控制、态度等认知因素的影响

关键词: 反事实思维, 范例说, 目标－指向说

Abstract: Counterfactual thinking is mental representations of alternatives to the past to the individual. This article synthesizes plenty of foreign researches of the definition, the categories and also two theories of counterfactual thinking: Norm Theory Perspective and Goal-Directed Perspective. In Norm Theory Perspective, counterfactual thinking is activated automatically and several determinants assumed to evoke it, such normality, outcome valence, closeness to alternative outcome, mutability of antecedents, salience of antecedents. In Goal-Directed Perspective, the counterfactual thinking is also activated by some cognitive factors, such as focus, emotion control and attitude.

Key words: counterfactual thinking, Norm Theory Perspective, Goal-Directed Perspective

中图分类号:

B842

陈俊;贺晓玲;张积家. (2007). 反事实思维两大理论：范例说和目标－指向说. 心理科学进展 , 15(3), 416-422.

Chen Jun;He Xiaoling;Zhang Jijia. (2007). Two Theories in Counterfactual Thinking:
Norm Theory Perspective and Goal-Directed Perspective
. , 15(3), 416-422.