ISSN 1671-3710
CN 11-4766/R
主办：中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

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宏研究：“一次多个”的实验方法

黄太洁, 杨紫嫣, 杨丽, 杨盈   

  1. 天津大学应用心理研究所, 天津 300350 中国
    天津大学自杀心理与行为研究实验室, 天津 300350 中国
    天津大学教育学院, 天津 300350 中国
    中国科学院心理研究所认知科学与心理健康全国重点实验室, 北京 100101 中国
    中国科学院大学心理学系, 北京 100049 中国
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-26 修回日期:2026-09-19 接受日期:2026-09-29
  • 基金资助:
    2025年天津市心理健康教育研究专项课题(2025YBGX13)

Megastudy: A “many-at-a-time” experimental approach

  1. Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University 300350, China
    Laboratory of Suicidal Behavior Research, Tianjin University 300350, China
    School of Education, Tianjin University 300350, China
    State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science and Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101, China
    Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049, China
  • Received:2025-12-26 Revised:2026-09-19 Accepted:2026-09-29

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摘要： 科学心理学不仅需要通过严谨的研究设计探寻影响和改变人类心理行为的因素，也需要在统一框架下比较多个候选实验条件或干预措施的相对效果。新近兴起的宏研究在一项研究中同时检验多个基于理论或实践需求的实验条件或干预措施对同一个结果变量的影响，具有较高的生态效度、研究间可比性和政策说服力，并能对冲发表偏倚和加速科学发现效率。为更好地助力科学心理学的演进，研究者还需解决其成本高、管理复杂、机制解释不足等问题，并采取与经典实验范式和AI技术结合的策略，开展有组织的大规模研究合作。

关键词: 宏研究, 实验范式, 生态效度, 研究间可比性, 政策说服力

Abstract: Scientific psychology not only needs to explore the factors influencing and altering human psychology and behavior through rigorous research designs, but also needs to compare the relative effects of multiple candidate experimental conditions or interventions within a unified framework. The recently emerging megastudy approach can simultaneously test the effects of many theory or practice-based interventions or experimental conditions on the same outcome variable(s) within a single study. It offers higher ecological validity, inter-study comparability, and policy persuasiveness, and can mitigate publication bias while accelerating scientific discovery efficiency. To better facilitate the accelerated evolution of scientific psychology, megastudy researchers need also address challenges such as the high cost, management complexity, and limits in exploring mechanisms, while adopting strategies that integrate with classic experimental paradigms and AI technologies, and conduct organized large-scale scientific research collaboration.

Key words: megastudy, experimental paradigm, ecological validity, inter-study comparability, policy persuasiveness