关键词: 二语词汇发展机制, “寄生”表征, 词汇表征独立性, 联结主义框架

Abstract: In the field of second language acquisition, a central question concerns how L2 lexical representations develop from an initial “parasitic” state dependent on the first language (L1) into a relatively autonomous representational system. To further elucidate the cognitive mechanisms underlying this developmental trajectory—from parasitic to independent representations—the article summarizes classic phenomena and influencing factors in L2 lexical acquisition and provides a systematical analysis of six connectionist models that account for these phenomena, highlighting both their explanatory strengths and limitations. Specifically, focusing on the developmental shift in L2 lexical representation from parasitic to independent patterns, we examine this process from four perspectives: lexical competition and recognition (Bilingual Interactive Activation model), developmental dimensions (Lexical Entrenchment Account, Fuzzy Lexical Representations hypothesis, and Ontogenesis Model of the L2 Lexical Representation), computational modeling (Developmental Lexicon II), and neurocognitive foundations (Complementary Learning Systems). These four perspectives progress from surface-level processing to deeper underlying mechanisms. Meanwhile, given the substantial differences between Chinese and alphabetic writing systems, this review further calls for more empirical research in Chinese–English/English–Chinese bilingual contexts and the development of tailored theoretical models to test and extend the cross-linguistic applicability of existing frameworks. Furthermore, future research should also examine cognitive factors beyond language, incorporate developmental frameworks, and employ computational modeling techniques to deepen the understanding of the cognitive mechanisms underlying L2 lexical acquisition.