Abstract: The paper presents a preliminary study of the relationship betweenstructure of knowledge and cognition, carried out on the basis of fouryears of systematical teaching and clinical experiments. The results showthat the structure of knowledge constructed under the part and whole relat-ionship in number and mathematics with " 1 ", as the underlying basispermits the child's forming of a better cognitive structure, which wouldcontribute to the learning of new knowledge, the choice of strategies aswell as the increase of transfer ability in learning mathematics.

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