Abstract: The paper reviews the psychological research on self-consciousnessin the Soviet Union since the 1960s from four aspects: 1. The nature,role and developmental factors of self-consciousness; 2. The structure ofself-consciousness; 3. The genesis of self-consciousness; 4. The view of Sov-iet psychologists on Western research in self-consciousness. The authorsthink that there is a materialist tradition in the psychological researchon self-consciousness in the Soviet Union. From the 1970s onward reseachon this subject in the Soviet Union has reached a new level, but manyproblems remain unsolved. Recently, Soviet psychologists have begun topay great attention to the research on the subject in the West. However, the research of Soviet psychologists still falls behind thatof Western psychologists in scope, experimental technique and data ac-cum ulation.

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