The impact of spontaneity and presentation mode on the ingroup advantage in recognizing angry and disgusted facial expressions

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2024.00701

Abstract

Abstract:

Previous research has found that individuals are more accurate at recognizing facial expressions of individuals from their own cultural background than those from a different cultural background, known as the ingroup advantage. However, most studies investigating the ingroup advantage have primarily focused on posed and static facial expressions, paying less attention to spontaneous and dynamic facial expressions. To investigate whether the ingroup advantage is influenced by spontaneity (posed and spontaneous) and presentation mode (static and dynamic) of facial expressions, we recruited participants from China, Canada, and the Netherlands to recognize posed and spontaneous facial expressions of anger and disgust displayed by Chinese and Dutch models (Experiment 1), as well as static and dynamic facial expressions (Experiment 2). The results showed that, in most cases, there was an ingroup advantage in the recognition of both posed and spontaneous expressions, with the ingroup advantage being significantly higher for posed expressions compared to spontaneous expressions. Additionally, an ingroup advantage was observed in the recognition of both static and dynamic expressions, although there was no significant difference between the two overall. These findings suggest that the ingroup advantage in facial expression recognition is influenced by the spontaneity of the expressions, but may not be affected by the mode of expression presentation. The implications of this research are significant in expanding our understanding of the ingroup advantage and deepening our knowledge of cross-cultural facial expression recognition.

Key words: facial expression recognition, ingroup advantage, posed and spontaneous facial expressions, static and dynamic facial expressions, culture difference

FANG Xia, GE Youxun. (2024). The impact of spontaneity and presentation mode on the ingroup advantage in recognizing angry and disgusted facial expressions. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 56(6), 701-713.

Figures/Tables 13

References 66

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Perceiver Culture	Spontaneity	Emotion	Ingroup Advantage	df	t	p	Cohen’s d	95% CI
Eastern	Posed	Anger	0.09 (0.11)	61	6.50	< 0.001	0.83	[0.53, 1.11]
	Posed	Disgust	0.06 (0.10)	61	4.38	< 0.001	0.56	[0.29, 0.82]
	Spontaneous	Anger	-0.05 (0.11)	63	?3.48	< 0.001	?0.44	[?0.69, ?0.18]
	Spontaneous	Disgust	0.02 (0.10)	63	1.47	0.147	0.18	[?0.06, 0.43]
Western	Posed	Anger	0.03 (0.10)	61	2.55	0.013	0.32	[0.07, 0.58]
	Posed	Disgust	0.14 (0.11)	61	9.86	< 0.001	1.25	[0.92, 1.58]
	Spontaneous	Anger	0.10 (0.10)	63	7.84	< 0.001	0.98	[0.68, 1.28]
	Spontaneous	Disgust	0.04 (0.09)	63	3.43	0.001	0.43	[0.17, 0.68]

Perceiver Culture	Spontaneity	Emotion	Ingroup Advantage	df	t	p	Cohen’s d	95% CI
Eastern	Posed	Anger	0.09 (0.11)	61	6.50	< 0.001	0.83	[0.53, 1.11]
	Posed	Disgust	0.06 (0.10)	61	4.38	< 0.001	0.56	[0.29, 0.82]
	Spontaneous	Anger	-0.05 (0.11)	63	?3.48	< 0.001	?0.44	[?0.69, ?0.18]
	Spontaneous	Disgust	0.02 (0.10)	63	1.47	0.147	0.18	[?0.06, 0.43]
Western	Posed	Anger	0.03 (0.10)	61	2.55	0.013	0.32	[0.07, 0.58]
	Posed	Disgust	0.14 (0.11)	61	9.86	< 0.001	1.25	[0.92, 1.58]
	Spontaneous	Anger	0.10 (0.10)	63	7.84	< 0.001	0.98	[0.68, 1.28]
	Spontaneous	Disgust	0.04 (0.09)	63	3.43	0.001	0.43	[0.17, 0.68]

Effect	df	F	p	η_p²
Emotion	1, 248	6.54	0.011	0.03
Spontaneity	1, 248	31.34	< 0.001	0.11
Perceiver Culture	1, 248	27.19	< 0.001	0.10
Emotion × Spontaneity	1, 248	4.02	0.046	0.02
Emotion × Perceiver Culture	1, 248	0.21	0.648	< 0.01
Spontaneity × Perceiver Culture	1, 248	13.09	< 0.001	0.05
Emotion × Spontaneity × Perceiver Culture	1, 248	57.08	< 0.001	0.19

Effect	df	F	p	η_p²
Emotion	1, 248	6.54	0.011	0.03
Spontaneity	1, 248	31.34	< 0.001	0.11
Perceiver Culture	1, 248	27.19	< 0.001	0.10
Emotion × Spontaneity	1, 248	4.02	0.046	0.02
Emotion × Perceiver Culture	1, 248	0.21	0.648	< 0.01
Spontaneity × Perceiver Culture	1, 248	13.09	< 0.001	0.05
Emotion × Spontaneity × Perceiver Culture	1, 248	57.08	< 0.001	0.19

Perceiver Culture	Presentation Mode	Emotion	Ingroup Advantage	df	t	p	Cohen’s d	95% CI
Eastern	Static	Anger	0.06 (0.11)	81	4.96	< 0.001	0.55	[0.31, 0.78]
	Static	Disgust	0.06 (0.12)	81	4.88	< 0.001	0.54	[0.31, 0.77]
	Dynamic	Anger	0.09 (0.11)	61	6.50	< 0.001	0.83	[0.53, 1.11]
	Dynamic	Disgust	0.06 (0.10)	61	4.38	< 0.001	0.56	[0.29, 0.82]
Western	Static	Anger	0.10 (0.12)	74	7.20	< 0.001	0.83	[0.57, 1.09]
	Static	Disgust	0.16 (0.13)	74	10.55	< 0.001	1.22	[0.92, 1.52]
	Dynamic	Anger	0.03 (0.10)	61	2.55	0.013	0.32	[0.07, 0.58]
	Dynamic	Disgust	0.14 (0.11)	61	9.86	< 0.001	1.25	[0.92, 1.58]