Abstract: This research was aimed at comparing the contents of the Extroversion dimension of personality structure between Chinese and Westerners. More than 1500 subjects filled out both the QZPS (Chinese Personality Scale) and the Extroversion scale of the revised version of the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R). Factor analysis on items of NEO PI-R Extroversion yielded six factors. Item composition of the six factors differed from that of its original six facets and only three of the six were correlated significantly with the Chinese Extroversion dimension defined by QZPS. The other three factors were significantly correlated with kindness, Behavior Style, Talents, and Ways of Life dimension of QZPS, respectively. Cultural implications for differences in extroversion between Chinese and Westerners were discussed in this paper