Abstract: Self-esteem is thought to be a stable evaluation toward self. A large number of studies found significant correlation between self-esteem and personality traits. In recent years scholars in social cognition studies have presented a structure called “implicit self-esteem”, which is regarded to be independent from “explicit self-esteem” measured by traditional self-report methods. In this study an attempt was made to disclose the relationship between personality traits and self-esteem, both explicit and implicit. Since previous studies have found a systematic discrepancy in personality structure from western Five-factor model (FFM) under Chinese culture -that is, Chinese personality is a seven-factor structure and the content of each factor is quite different from what in factor of FFM, an indigenous personality scale developed under Chinese culture based on verbal assumption, QZPS, was adopted to assess personality traits. Implicit self-esteem was measured by Implicit Association Test (IAT). The results indicated that self relevant personality traits in QZPS predicted explicit self-esteem. However, no correlations were significant between implicit self-esteem and personality traits. Possible explanations for the results were discussed

Key words: QZPS, Seven-factor Model, explicit/implicit self-esteem