Abstract: 573 7th, 8th, 10th, 11th graders were selected from two general middle schools in Beijing to explore the effects of prevention and intervention program on adolescents’ smoking behavior. Two classes students were randomly selected from each grade and each school, then students from one class were assigned to the intervention groups, and students of the other class were assigned to the control groups. The intervention groups were implemented by a prevention and intervention program of adolescents’ smoking behavior titled “Stay Away From Tobacco” which included four components: Health education, cognitions about smoking behavior, identifying and resisting peer pressure and lure of media advertisement, 7 sessions, 45minutes per session, one session per week. The subjects were asked to report their smoking behavior in the last month, their perceived harm and benefit of smoking cigarette, resistance skill before and after intervention. The results showed: (1) the rate which the intervention group subjects smoked in the last month decreased 5.2% after intervention, and the control group subjects increased 2.3%; (2) The effects of intervention were most significant on smoking behavior of occasional cigarette users; (3) The intervention group subjects reported more harm and less benefit of smoking cigarette after intervention, and control group subjects reported less harm and more benefit of smoking cigarette after intervention; (4) The effects of program on improving resistance skill of intervention group subjects were significant; (5) The smoking behavior of the intervention group subjects after intervention were predicated by the subjects’ cognitions on harm and benefit of smoking after intervention; (6) intervention can affect adolescents’ smoking behavior through Adolescents’ cognition on harm and benefit of smoking cigarettes

Key words: adolescent, smoking behavior, prevention and intervention