Abstract: This paper summarized the main results of the study on the mental development and education of gifted children within the recent fifteen years.Theoretical results showed that:(1)Between gifted and normal children differentiations appeared in various aspects of cognition;obvious differences existed in the character of cognitive structure; and the developmental trend of cognition was not the same.(2)Personality trend and characteristics of the gifted are outstanding.Howcver;the development of personality is unbalanced which is expressed in three kinds of personality traits; close correlation existed between personality and academic performance of the gifted.(3)Developmental processes of the gifted could be summarized into four types.(4) Gifted children not only possess high intelligence and creativity but also active development of personality trend and characteristics.Results of the study have been applied to identify and educate the gifted,the effects of the application have been summed up.

Key words: gifted children, cognitive ability, personality trend and characteristics, developmental process