Abstract: This is a systematic teaching and learning experiment aimed atverifying the results of the authors' previous experiments. It was carriedout in the first grade of the Beiguan Experimental school in Heishan byusing the content of the first book of the current arithmetic textbooks,reorganized by the authors on the basis of the principle of applying theknowledge of the part-whole relationship with " 1 " as the underlying basis.The results obtained in the more than one year's experiment with the pupilsfrom Heishan, show that, under such a knowledge structure, children of theexperimental class learned within the same period the contents of about150 teaching hours more than those in the control class, that the results ofthe examinations obtained by the experimental class are near to or even alittle better than those obtained by the comparative class, and that thecompetence of the former for learning transition is higher than that of thelatter. This illustrates that the above principle can be effectively applied tothe learning of arithmetic in the primary schools.

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