Abstract: It is a study of the development of understanding fables and metaphors in school children of 4 different ages. The results indicate:1) The level of understanding the figurative meaning of fable and metaphor by school children increases with the age: from understanding the specific details and giving the superficial explanation of the phrases to understanding the figurative meaning in their specific details, and finally, revealing the general implication and the abstract principles without regarding the details.2) The level of understanding the different natures and degress of fable and metaphor in school children of different ages shows some characteristics of thinking in children. It is conditioned by his life experience and the degree of difficulty of the fables and metaphors.

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