Abstract: Siegen K. Chou (a.k.a. Zhou XianGeng), a modern Chinese psychologist, has made a lot of important contributions to the development of Chinese character psychology, educational psychology, industrial psychology etc. in China. However, Chou's contributions to the development of Chinese military psychology has never been recognized in the world of psychology in China. At the end of 1943, Chou was invited by Qiu Qingquan, a famous Kuomintang (KMT) general, to help set up an institute to do psychological testing to army officers. Since he accepted Qiu's invitation, Chou designed a draft plan for the institute, including planning procedure, nature and objectives, methodology, organization and propaganda, etc.. The series of work initiated the modern military psychology in China. For various reasons, although the institute had been prepared for a little more than 15 months, it didn't do any practical psychological testing. In March, 1945, Henry A. Murray came to China to take charge of recruiting pilot candidates for Chinese army. He invited Chou to join his assessment group. Chou learned Murray's testing methods systematically during their collaboration, and they had established profound friendship since then. At the beginning of August, 1945, Murray's assessment group conducted demonstration assessing on army officers for Qiu Qingquan. When Murray returned home, Chou carried out several batches of psychological testing for army officers. At the end of August, 1945, The Institute of Psychological Testing for Army Officers was formally established. Chou carried out practical activities of military psychology, meanwhile, Chou did a lot of practical works on military psychology, and he tried to call for the development of an Chinese-emic military psychology on the basis of a rational analysis of “China situation”. Chou's practices and thoughts of military psychology was a landmark of modern Chinese military psychology. Chou devoted himself to the application of psychological knowledge to military field under the background of the War of Resistance Against Japan, it is a reflection of his groundbreaking practical character and Chinese-emic spirits.

Key words: Siegen K. Chou, psychological testing for army officers, recruiting pilot candidates, Chinese military psychology