一个探索恒河猴和熊猴数量守恒的实验研究

心理学报 ›› 1992, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (1): 60-67.

一个探索恒河猴和熊猴数量守恒的实验研究

林国彬

中国科学院心理研究所北京,100012

发布日期:1992-03-25 出版日期:1992-03-25
通讯作者: 林国彬

A STUDY ON CONSERVATION OF QUANTITY IN RHESUS MONKEYS AND ASSAMESE MACAQUE

Lin Guobin Institute of Psychology, Academia Sinica

Online:1992-03-25 Published:1992-03-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本实验对三只恒河猴和一只熊猴在一系列判断与数量有关的问题上进行训练,继而让动物对呈现数多少的刺激对进行“同”和“异”的判断。刺激物是画在白色卡片上的黑点,在设计上排除使动物利用黑点累加面积和卡片亮度作为线索的可能性,也使动物不可能记住黑点排列的特定模式。本实验共有六项实验程序,在最后一项中,把数从2到6的所有“同”和“异”的刺激对全部呈现给动物。实验结果表明有两只恒河猴和一只熊猴达到所有六项实验程序的预定标准。本文讨论了实验结果在皮亚杰关于数量守恒观点上的含义,以及据以解释数多少判断的可能的内部过程。

关键词: 灵长类动物, 皮亚杰理论, 数量守恒, 同-异判断

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to apply Piaget's theory and methods to in- vestigate the cognitive abilities of rhesus monkeys and assamese macaque. Do monkeys have prerequisite skills for conservation of quantity? Are there any evidences for conservation of quantity in monkeys? And specifically, might they respond differentially to equivalent and unequivalent numerousness cues? Four monkeys were trained to make sameness-difference judgments of numerous- ness. Several controls were used to insure that the monkeys did not merely learn specific stimulus properties or patterns of stimuli. Three monkeys responded significantly and differentially to pairs of same numerousness versus pairs of di- fferent numerousness. They met criterion in 80, 160, and 200 trials respective- ly on the final task. The discussion includes problems of Piaget's theory and method involving conservation of quantity in primates and possible underlying processes to explain the numerousness judgments.

Key words: Primate, Piaget's theory, Conservation of quantity, Sameness-difference judgment

林国彬. (1992). 一个探索恒河猴和熊猴数量守恒的实验研究. 心理学报, 24(1), 60-67.

Lin Guobin Institute of Psychology, Academia Sinica. (1992). A STUDY ON CONSERVATION OF QUANTITY IN RHESUS MONKEYS AND ASSAMESE MACAQUE. , 24(1), 60-67.