锚定效应的种类、影响因素及干预措施

心理科学进展 ›› 2010, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (1): 34-45.

锚定效应的种类、影响因素及干预措施

李斌; 徐富明; 王伟; 邓子鹃; 张军伟

华中师范大学心理学院暨湖北省人的发展与心理健康重点实验室, 武汉 430079

收稿日期:2009-07-20 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2010-01-15 发布日期:2010-01-15
通讯作者: 徐富明

Anchoring Effects: Types, Influential Factors and Intervention Measures

LI Bin; XU Fu-Ming; WANG Wei; DENG Zi-Juan; ZHANG Jun-Wei

School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, and Hubei Human Development and Mental Health Key Laboratory, Wuhan 430079, China

Received:2009-07-20 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2010-01-15 Published:2010-01-15
Contact: XU Fu-Ming

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 锚定效应是指个体在不确定情境下的决策会受到初始无关锚影响致使其随后的数值估计偏向该锚的一种判断偏差现象。不同种类的锚定效应其影响因素和干预措施不同, 如影响传统锚定效应的有锚定信息特征、能力变量、情绪因素及个体差异性等, 基本锚定效应的主要影响因素有知识技能与时间压力, 自发锚定效应则受动机变量、认知因素及内部信念等影响。未来研究可深入挖掘认知加工机制、类比推理过程和开发DDS系统等来帮助减少各种锚定偏差。

关键词: 传统锚定效应, 基本锚定效应, 自发锚定效应

Abstract: Anchoring effects refers to a phenomenon that an irrelative anchor biases a subsequent numerical judgment under uncertain circumstances. The influencing factors and intervention measures vary considerably according to different types of anchoring effects. For example, traditional anchoring effect is affected by the characteristics of anchor information, ability variables, emotional factors and individual differences. The basic anchoring effect is affected by expertise and time pressure. The self-generated anchoring effect is affected by motivation variables, cognitive factors and internal beliefs. Future studies could focus on exploring cognitive processing mechanism, the process of analogical reasoning and DDS system in order to help reduce the anchoring bias.

Key words: anchoring effects, traditional anchoring effect, basic anchoring effect, self-generated anchoring effect

李斌; 徐富明; 王伟; 邓子鹃; 张军伟. (2010). 锚定效应的种类、影响因素及干预措施. 心理科学进展 , 18(1), 34-45.

LI Bin; XU Fu-Ming; WANG Wei; DENG Zi-Juan; ZHANG Jun-Wei. (2010). Anchoring Effects: Types, Influential Factors and Intervention Measures. , 18(1), 34-45.