中文阅读中副中央凹预加工的范围与程度

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2020.00871

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在阅读中, 读者既能加工当前注视的中央凹视觉区的信息, 也能从副中央凹视觉区提取信息并利用该信息预先加工下文词汇, 称为预加工或预视。它是熟练阅读的一个关键环节。对副中央凹信息的预加工涉及预视的空间范围和预视程度(即预视量和预视类型)。在拼音文字阅读的研究中, 关于预视范围与预视程度如何受中央凹加工负荷和副中央凹预加工负荷的调节存在争议, 一个主要的原因是拼音文字词长变异大, 在考察预视程度时难以克服预视范围的干扰。而中文词长变化小, 能有效分离预视范围与预视程度。利用中文优势, 采用眼动技术来考察:(1)副中央凹预加工负荷如何影响预视范围, (2)中央凹加工负荷如何影响预视范围与预视程度, (3)阅读能力与阅读效率如何调节预视范围与预视程度, 结果将有助于解决副中央凹预视研究中的理论争论, 为预测阅读能力与衡量阅读效率提供更多有效的眼动行为指标。

关键词: 中文阅读, 预视范围, 预视程度, 眼动

Abstract:

The ability to pre-process information from the parafovea, a hallmark component of skilled reading ( Blythe & Joseph, 2011), refers to the fact that readers visually and linguistically analyse upcoming words prior to their direct fixation. Previous findings regarding depth of pre-processing effects that are based on alphabetic language reading are mixed. One very important reason is that there is considerable variability in the length of target words in those studies conducted on alphabetic reading scripts. By contrast, it is possible to conduct such studies in Chinese to allow for parafoveal processing of text to be operationalized over characters without length variability. Chinese is a language with characteristics that are optimal for investigating parafoveal processing. The present project will take advantage of Chinese text characteristics to examine three aspects of parafoveal processing by using the eye tracking technique: (1) the first study aims at exploring how parafoveal load affects the spatial extent of pre-processing; (2) the second study attempts to examine whether and how foveal load influences the spatial extent and depth of pre-processing; on the basis of the first two studies, (3) the third study will investigate how reading skill modulates the spatial and depth effects of parafoveal processing, and also how reading efficiency interacts with spatial extent and depth of pre-processing. The findings of the current project will seek to illuminate currently controversial issues on parafoveal processing, and will be beneficial for examining and extending the current reading models of eye movement control (e.g., E-Z reader model, SWIFT model).

Key words: Chinese reading, the spatial extent of parafoveal pre-processing, the depth of parafoveal pre-processing, eye movements

中图分类号:

B842

张慢慢, 臧传丽, 白学军. (2020). 中文阅读中副中央凹预加工的范围与程度. 心理科学进展 , 28(6), 871-882.

ZHANG Manman, ZANG Chuanli, BAI Xuejun. (2020). The spatial extent and depth of parafoveal pre-processing during Chinese reading. Advances in Psychological Science, 28(6), 871-882.

图/表 3

图1 不同视觉区在阅读文本中的分布示意图注:假设一个汉字所占视角为1°, 在“使用”上的圆点表示眼睛的注视位置, 文字颜色深浅表示视敏度下降造成的文本视觉成像模糊; 阅读知觉广度反映了注意系统的分布, 不等同于视觉区分布; 下划线内容表示中文阅读知觉广度的范围, 本研究关注注视点右侧副中央凹视觉区的预视情况。

图2 E-Z读者模型的词汇加工进程简略图注:L1是熟悉性验证, L2是词汇通达, 二者共同代表了当前词n的词汇识别过程; P表示进行下一次眼跳计划, 启动了对词n+1的眼动程序M1, M1是可变的, 之后进入不可变眼动程序M2; S是执行眼跳; A代表注意, 在L2完成后立即转移到词n+1上, 对词n+1进行预加工。

图3 SWIFT模型假设的动态注意空间分布示意图注:图中显示了一般情况下与中央凹负荷最大情况下注意的两种分布, σL表示注视点左侧的词汇加工效率, σR表示注视点右侧词汇加工效率。资料来源:Engbert & Kliegl, 2011

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