ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
CN 11-1911/B
Acta Psychologica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (9): 1589-1608.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.1589
• Reports of Empirical Studies • Previous Articles Next Articles
HE Conglian, YUAN Jiajin(
)
Published:2025-09-25
Online:2025-06-26
Contact:
YUAN Jiajin
E-mail:yuanjiajin168@sicnu.edu.cn
HE Conglian, YUAN Jiajin. (2025). The Influence of Emotional Motivation on Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Strategy Choice: Evidence from Behavioral and Hyperscanning. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 57(9), 1589-1608.
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URL: https://journal.psych.ac.cn/acps/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.1589
Figure 1. (a) Flowchart of Experiment 1. (b), (c), and (d) correspond to the mean rating of emotional picture on valence, arousal, and motivational intensity, respectively. Note. H: High; L: Low; W: Withdrawal; A: Approach. ***p < 0.001, ns: non significance. Bar: standard error (SE).
Figure 2. The influence of emotional motivation on the selection of emotional regulation strategies. (a) and (b) show the effects of emotional motivation direction and motivational intensity on strategy selection behavior in the intrapersonal ERCT, respectively. (c-e) present the effects of emotional motivation direction and intensity on the regulators' strategy selection in the interpersonal ERCT. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, ns: p > 0.05; bar: standard error (SE).
Figure 3. Flowchart of the Emotional Regulation Choice Task (ERCT) in Study 2. (a) and (b) correspond to the intrapersonal ERCT and interpersonal ERCT, respectively.
Figure 4. NIRS optrode distribution on the scalp
Figure 5. (a-c) show the results of emotional induction validity tests. (d) presents the effect of withdrawal motivation intensity on strategy selection, and (e) shows the strategy selection results of regulators in different ERCT. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, ns: p > 0.05; bar: standard error (SE), and the same applies hereinafter.
Figure 6. Brain activation levels of Regulators under different conditions. The colors in the figure represent the F-values from analysis of variance (ANOVA, 0-5). The redder the color, the larger the F-value corresponding to the interaction effect or main effect in the brain region.
Figure 7. NIRS Imaging Results of Study 2. (a) and (b) show the activation levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and temporoparietal junction (TPJ) of regulators during the stimulus presentation phases of the two task components. (c) depicts the inter-brain synchrony levels between regulators and targets during the stimulus presentation phase of the interpersonal ERCT under different avoidance motivation intensity conditions.
| Intensity of withdrawal motivaon | Dependent variable | Model parameters | Standardized regression coefficient (B) | Significance of t (p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Mean choice of reappraisal | R2 = 0.16 | right PFC = 0.13 | 0.457 |
| F(3, 40) = 2.57 p = 0.067 | left TPJ = −0.45 right TPJ = 0.02 | 0.022 0.939 | ||
| Mean choice of distraction | R2 = 0.09 F(3, 40) = 1.32 p = 0.283 | right PFC = 0.28 left TPJ = 0.14 right TPJ = −0.14 | 0.130 0.464 0.487 | |
| Mean choice of Watch | R2 = 0.21 F(3, 40) = 3.47 p = 0.025 | right PFC = −0.41 left TPJ = 0.39 right TPJ = 0.16 | 0.019 0.033 0.400 | |
| High | Mean choice of reappraisal | R2 = 0.01 F(3, 40) = 0.16 p = 0.922 | right PFC = 0.08 left TPJ = −0.02 right TPJ = 0.06 | 0.667 0.911 0.769 |
| Mean choice of distraction | R2 = 0.05 F(3, 40) = 0.75 p = 0.528 | right PFC = 0.26 left TPJ = 0.001 right TPJ = −0.14 | 0.143 0.998 0.479 | |
| Mean choice of Watch | R2 = 0.09 F(3, 40) = 1.36 p = 0.270 | right PFC = −0.28 left TPJ = 0.20 right TPJ = 0.02 | 0.104 0.259 0.922 |
Table 1 Prediction of Regulators' Brain Activation on Strategy Selection in Interpersonal ERCT (n = 44)
| Intensity of withdrawal motivaon | Dependent variable | Model parameters | Standardized regression coefficient (B) | Significance of t (p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Mean choice of reappraisal | R2 = 0.16 | right PFC = 0.13 | 0.457 |
| F(3, 40) = 2.57 p = 0.067 | left TPJ = −0.45 right TPJ = 0.02 | 0.022 0.939 | ||
| Mean choice of distraction | R2 = 0.09 F(3, 40) = 1.32 p = 0.283 | right PFC = 0.28 left TPJ = 0.14 right TPJ = −0.14 | 0.130 0.464 0.487 | |
| Mean choice of Watch | R2 = 0.21 F(3, 40) = 3.47 p = 0.025 | right PFC = −0.41 left TPJ = 0.39 right TPJ = 0.16 | 0.019 0.033 0.400 | |
| High | Mean choice of reappraisal | R2 = 0.01 F(3, 40) = 0.16 p = 0.922 | right PFC = 0.08 left TPJ = −0.02 right TPJ = 0.06 | 0.667 0.911 0.769 |
| Mean choice of distraction | R2 = 0.05 F(3, 40) = 0.75 p = 0.528 | right PFC = 0.26 left TPJ = 0.001 right TPJ = −0.14 | 0.143 0.998 0.479 | |
| Mean choice of Watch | R2 = 0.09 F(3, 40) = 1.36 p = 0.270 | right PFC = −0.28 left TPJ = 0.20 right TPJ = 0.02 | 0.104 0.259 0.922 |
| Dependent variable | Model parameters | Standardized regression coefficient (B) | Significance of t (p) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean choice of reappraisal | R2 = 0.42 F(6, 33) = 3.94 p = 0.004 | mPFC = 0.5 OFC = −0.83 left dlPFC = 0.86 right dlPFC = −0.23 left TPJ = −0.34 right TPJ = 0.39 | 0.116 0.043 0.033 0.546 0.087 0.037 |
| Mean choice of distraction | R2 = 0.23 F(6, 33) = 1.67 p = 0.159 | mPFC = −0.26 OFC = 0.20 left dlPFC = −0.38 right dlPFC = 0.14 left TPJ = 0.21 | 0.480 0.669 0.398 0.760 0.362 |
| Mean choice of Watch | R2 = 0.20 F(6, 33) = 1.40 p = 0.243 | mPFC = −0.40 OFC = 0.88 left dlPFC = −0.71 right dlPFC = 0.15 left TPJ = 0.23 | 0.288 0.066 0.126 0.735 0.320 |
Table 2 Prediction of Regulator-Target Inter-brain Synchrony Levels on Regulators' Strategy Selection Under Low Withdrawal Emotional Motivation (n = 40)
| Dependent variable | Model parameters | Standardized regression coefficient (B) | Significance of t (p) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean choice of reappraisal | R2 = 0.42 F(6, 33) = 3.94 p = 0.004 | mPFC = 0.5 OFC = −0.83 left dlPFC = 0.86 right dlPFC = −0.23 left TPJ = −0.34 right TPJ = 0.39 | 0.116 0.043 0.033 0.546 0.087 0.037 |
| Mean choice of distraction | R2 = 0.23 F(6, 33) = 1.67 p = 0.159 | mPFC = −0.26 OFC = 0.20 left dlPFC = −0.38 right dlPFC = 0.14 left TPJ = 0.21 | 0.480 0.669 0.398 0.760 0.362 |
| Mean choice of Watch | R2 = 0.20 F(6, 33) = 1.40 p = 0.243 | mPFC = −0.40 OFC = 0.88 left dlPFC = −0.71 right dlPFC = 0.15 left TPJ = 0.23 | 0.288 0.066 0.126 0.735 0.320 |
| Dependent variable | Model parameters | Standardized regression coefficient (B) | Significance of t (p) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean choice of reappraisal | R2 = 0.31 F(6, 33) = 2.52 p = 0.040 | mPFC = −0.18 OFC = −1.33 left dlPFC = 0.37 right dlPFC = 1.12 left TPJ = −0.10 right TPJ = 0.46 | 0.632 0.008 0.577 0.012 0.625 0.038 |
| Mean choice of distraction | R2 = 0.15 F(6, 33) = 0.94 p = 0.480 | mPFC = 0.27 OFC = −0.48 left dlPFC = 0.31 right dlPFC = −0.26 left TPJ = 0.03 right TPJ = −0.24 | 0.544 0.366 0.671 0.585 0.903 0.324 |
| Mean choice of Watch | R2 = 0.20 F(6, 33) = 1.33 p = 0.271 | mPFC = −0.20 OFC = 1.35 left dlPFC = −0.50 right dlPFC = −0.61 left TPJ = 0.09 right TPJ = −0.14 | 0.630 0.012 0.483 0.193 0.682 0.540 |
Table 3 Prediction of Regulator-Target Inter-brain Synchrony Levels on Regulators' Strategy Selection Under High Withdrawal Emotional Motivation (n = 40)
| Dependent variable | Model parameters | Standardized regression coefficient (B) | Significance of t (p) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean choice of reappraisal | R2 = 0.31 F(6, 33) = 2.52 p = 0.040 | mPFC = −0.18 OFC = −1.33 left dlPFC = 0.37 right dlPFC = 1.12 left TPJ = −0.10 right TPJ = 0.46 | 0.632 0.008 0.577 0.012 0.625 0.038 |
| Mean choice of distraction | R2 = 0.15 F(6, 33) = 0.94 p = 0.480 | mPFC = 0.27 OFC = −0.48 left dlPFC = 0.31 right dlPFC = −0.26 left TPJ = 0.03 right TPJ = −0.24 | 0.544 0.366 0.671 0.585 0.903 0.324 |
| Mean choice of Watch | R2 = 0.20 F(6, 33) = 1.33 p = 0.271 | mPFC = −0.20 OFC = 1.35 left dlPFC = −0.50 right dlPFC = −0.61 left TPJ = 0.09 right TPJ = −0.14 | 0.630 0.012 0.483 0.193 0.682 0.540 |
| the type of ERCT | Strategy | Low Withdrawal Motivation | High Withdrawal Motivation | Low Approach Motivation | High Approach Motivation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intrapersonal ERCT | Reappraisal | 0.40 ± 0.15 | 0.38 ± 0.18 | 0.34 ± 0.19 | 0.31 ± 0.16 |
| Distraction | 0.53 ± 0.17 | 0.52 ± 0.20 | 0.36 ± 0.23 | 0.31 ± 0.21 | |
| Watch | 0.08 ± 0.08 | 0.09 ± 0.11 | 0.30 ± 0.19 | 0.36 ± 0.26 | |
| Interpersonal ERCT | Reappraisal | 0.45 ± 0.19 | 0.39 ± 0.21 | 0.31 ± 0.16 | 0.37 ± 0.16 |
| Distraction | 0.51 ± 0.21 | 0.54 ± 0.21 | 0.36 ± 0.22 | 0.28 ± 0.21 | |
| Watch | 0.04 ± 0.07 | 0.07 ± 0.21 | 0.32 ± 0.22 | 0.34 ± 0.24 |
Appendix table 1 Average Proportions of Individuals' Selection of Different Strategies (M ± SD)
| the type of ERCT | Strategy | Low Withdrawal Motivation | High Withdrawal Motivation | Low Approach Motivation | High Approach Motivation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intrapersonal ERCT | Reappraisal | 0.40 ± 0.15 | 0.38 ± 0.18 | 0.34 ± 0.19 | 0.31 ± 0.16 |
| Distraction | 0.53 ± 0.17 | 0.52 ± 0.20 | 0.36 ± 0.23 | 0.31 ± 0.21 | |
| Watch | 0.08 ± 0.08 | 0.09 ± 0.11 | 0.30 ± 0.19 | 0.36 ± 0.26 | |
| Interpersonal ERCT | Reappraisal | 0.45 ± 0.19 | 0.39 ± 0.21 | 0.31 ± 0.16 | 0.37 ± 0.16 |
| Distraction | 0.51 ± 0.21 | 0.54 ± 0.21 | 0.36 ± 0.22 | 0.28 ± 0.21 | |
| Watch | 0.04 ± 0.07 | 0.07 ± 0.21 | 0.32 ± 0.22 | 0.34 ± 0.24 |
| Variables | F | p | Partial η2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| motivational direction | 3.15 | 0.09 | 0.09 |
| motivational intensity | 0.23 | 0.64 | 0.01 |
| task type | 0.40 | 0.53 | 0.01 |
| strategy type | 20.06 | < 0.001*** | 0.39 |
| motivational direction × motivational intensity | 0.15 | 0.70 | 0.01 |
| motivational direction × task type | 0.30 | 0.59 | 0.01 |
| motivational intensity × task type | 0.55 | 0.46 | 0.02 |
| motivational direction× strategy type | 38.48 | < 0.001*** | 0.55 |
| motivational intensity × strategy type | 3.21 | 0.05* | 0.09 |
| task type× strategy type | 0.59 | 0.56 | 0.02 |
| motivational direction× motivational intensity × task type | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0.01 |
| motivational direction × motivational intensity × strategy type | 3.61 | 0.03* | 0.10 |
| motivational direction × task type × strategy type | 0.35 | 0.70 | 0.01 |
| motivational intensity ×task type × strategy type | 0.31 | 0.74 | 0.01 |
| Four-Way Interaction | 3.68 | 0.03* | 0.10 |
Appendix table 2 Results of Four-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA (N = 33)
| Variables | F | p | Partial η2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| motivational direction | 3.15 | 0.09 | 0.09 |
| motivational intensity | 0.23 | 0.64 | 0.01 |
| task type | 0.40 | 0.53 | 0.01 |
| strategy type | 20.06 | < 0.001*** | 0.39 |
| motivational direction × motivational intensity | 0.15 | 0.70 | 0.01 |
| motivational direction × task type | 0.30 | 0.59 | 0.01 |
| motivational intensity × task type | 0.55 | 0.46 | 0.02 |
| motivational direction× strategy type | 38.48 | < 0.001*** | 0.55 |
| motivational intensity × strategy type | 3.21 | 0.05* | 0.09 |
| task type× strategy type | 0.59 | 0.56 | 0.02 |
| motivational direction× motivational intensity × task type | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0.01 |
| motivational direction × motivational intensity × strategy type | 3.61 | 0.03* | 0.10 |
| motivational direction × task type × strategy type | 0.35 | 0.70 | 0.01 |
| motivational intensity ×task type × strategy type | 0.31 | 0.74 | 0.01 |
| Four-Way Interaction | 3.68 | 0.03* | 0.10 |
| Channel No. | Source-Detector | MNI coordinates | Brodmann template (the percentage of the brain region in the channel)* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | y | z | |||
| 1 | S1-D1 | 54.4087 | −64.7836 | 46.0082 | 39 - Angular gyrus_ part of Wernicke's area (0.93) |
| 2 | S1-D3 | 57.3263 | −50.6134 | 52.6095 | 40 - Supramarginal gyrus part of Wernicke's area (0.94) |
| 3 | S2-D1 | 34.9689 | −63.9744 | 62.5311 | 7 - Somatosensory Association Cortex (0.93) |
| 4 | S2-D3 | 36.8796 | −51.4079 | 69.6644 | 7 - Somatosensory Association Cortex (0.68) |
| 5 | S3-D2 | −36.359 | −64.26 | 59.7477 | 7 - Somatosensory Association Cortex (0.74) |
| 6 | S3-D4 | −38.614 | −52.4034 | 67.853 | 7 - Somatosensory Association Cortex (0.53) |
| 7 | S4-D2 | −56.5506 | −65.8067 | 41.4156 | 39 - Angular gyrus_ part of Wernicke's area (0.98) |
| 8 | S4-D4 | −60.0641 | −51.6615 | 48.1846 | 40 - Supramarginal gyrus part of Wernicke's area (0.87) |
| 9 | S5-D3 | 58.8422 | −34.7445 | 55.5872 | 40 - Supramarginal gyrus part of Wernicke's area (0.58) |
| 10 | S5-D5 | 56.0392 | −20.8439 | 57.6755 | 3 - Primary Somatosensory Cortex (0.47) |
| 12 | S6-D5 | 37.2309 | −21.3494 | 72.4971 | 4 - Primary Motor Cortex (0.63) |
| 14 | S7-D6 | −37.926 | −21.6228 | 72.0886 | 4 - Primary Motor Cortex (0.71) |
| 15 | S8-D4 | −61.0227 | −36.1116 | 53.2459 | 40 - Supramarginal gyrus part of Wernicke's area (0.80) |
| 16 | S8-D6 | −58.0916 | −20.8609 | 55.1969 | 3 - Primary Somatosensory Cortex (0.56) |
| 17 | S9-D5 | 53.1517 | −6.9137 | 54.9788 | 4 - Primary Motor Cortex (0.41) 6 - Pre-Motor and Supplementary Motor Cortex (0.59) |
| 18 | S9-D7 | 49.6831 | 7.6117 | 52.3461 | 6 - Pre-Motor and Supplementary Motor Cortex (0.7) |
| 19 | S10-D5 | 35.1598 | −9.7203 | 69.229 | 6 - Pre-Motor and Supplementary Motor Cortex (0.93) |
| 20 | S10-D7 | 32.7938 | 6.1663 | 66.2847 | 6 - Pre-Motor and Supplementary Motor Cortex (0.70) |
| 21 | S11-D6 | −34.4659 | −8.8191 | 68.7227 | 6 - Pre-Motor and Supplementary Motor Cortex (0.90) |
| 22 | S11-D8 | −31.8668 | 7.0903 | 66.1236 | 6 - Pre-Motor and Supplementary Motor Cortex (0.69) |
| 23 | S12-D6 | −55.2218 | −6.0424 | 53.363 | 6 - Pre-Motor and Supplementary Motor Cortex (0.66) |
| 24 | S12-D8 | −49.7183 | 9.0521 | 51.777 | 6 - Pre-Motor and Supplementary Motor Cortex (0.67) |
| 25 | S13-D7 | 30.6143 | 17.6711 | 62.1171 | 8 - Includes Frontal eye fields (0.90) |
| 26 | S14-D8 | −29.1546 | 18.9128 | 62.5035 | 8 - Includes Frontal eye fields (0.88) |
| 27 | S15-D9 | 27.9412 | 36.1898 | 51.7714 | 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.63) |
| 28 | S15-D11 | 40.9107 | 38.1954 | 40.8476 | 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.61) |
| 29 | S16-D9 | 12.3581 | 45.8872 | 52.179 | 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.73) |
| 30 | S16-D10 | −9.3592 | 48.0675 | 52.3064 | 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.81) |
| 31 | S16-D12 | 1.0456 | 55.6951 | 40.2499 | 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.90) |
| 32 | S17-D10 | −26.0758 | 38.3257 | 51.4638 | 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.74) |
| 33 | S17-D13 | −40.8262 | 40.0934 | 39.4797 | 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.42) |
| 34 | S18-D9 | 20.6712 | 51.9917 | 41.5768 | 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.99) |
| 35 | S18-D11 | 34.0131 | 54.4898 | 28.2762 | 46 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.98) |
| 36 | S18-D12 | 13.4375 | 63.7052 | 30.858 | 10 - Frontopolar area (0.71) |
| 37 | S18-D14 | 25.3528 | 67.0449 | 16.7319 | 10 - Frontopolar area (0.98) |
| 38 | S19-D10 | −19.5523 | 53.1065 | 40.9674 | 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.92) |
| 39 | S19-D10 | −12.1443 | 64.3739 | 31.2437 | 10 - Frontopolar area (0.72) |
| 40 | S19-D13 | −33.7944 | 55.0056 | 27.9028 | 46 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (1) |
| 41 | S19-D15 | −23.5638 | 67.4366 | 16.6988 | 10 - Frontopolar area (0.96) |
| 42 | S20-D11 | 46.4588 | 52.1383 | 14.7427 | 46 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.84) |
| 43 | S20-D14 | 38.7407 | 63.8563 | 1.1675 | 10 - Frontopolar area (0.74) |
| 44 | S21-D12 | 0.8251 | 67.1413 | 15.7566 | 10 - Frontopolar area (1) |
| 45 | S21-D14 | 14.6621 | 73.3848 | 1.9394 | 10 - Frontopolar area (0.78) |
| 46 | S21-D15 | −13.1752 | 73.3148 | 2.7291 | 10 - Frontopolar area (0.79) |
| 47 | S22-D13 | −46.6791 | 52.4921 | 14.0445 | 46 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.78) |
| 48 | S22-D15 | −37.4194 | 64.5714 | 0.87567 | 10 - Frontopolar area (0.77) |
Appendix table 3 Spatial positioning of NIRS channels
| Channel No. | Source-Detector | MNI coordinates | Brodmann template (the percentage of the brain region in the channel)* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | y | z | |||
| 1 | S1-D1 | 54.4087 | −64.7836 | 46.0082 | 39 - Angular gyrus_ part of Wernicke's area (0.93) |
| 2 | S1-D3 | 57.3263 | −50.6134 | 52.6095 | 40 - Supramarginal gyrus part of Wernicke's area (0.94) |
| 3 | S2-D1 | 34.9689 | −63.9744 | 62.5311 | 7 - Somatosensory Association Cortex (0.93) |
| 4 | S2-D3 | 36.8796 | −51.4079 | 69.6644 | 7 - Somatosensory Association Cortex (0.68) |
| 5 | S3-D2 | −36.359 | −64.26 | 59.7477 | 7 - Somatosensory Association Cortex (0.74) |
| 6 | S3-D4 | −38.614 | −52.4034 | 67.853 | 7 - Somatosensory Association Cortex (0.53) |
| 7 | S4-D2 | −56.5506 | −65.8067 | 41.4156 | 39 - Angular gyrus_ part of Wernicke's area (0.98) |
| 8 | S4-D4 | −60.0641 | −51.6615 | 48.1846 | 40 - Supramarginal gyrus part of Wernicke's area (0.87) |
| 9 | S5-D3 | 58.8422 | −34.7445 | 55.5872 | 40 - Supramarginal gyrus part of Wernicke's area (0.58) |
| 10 | S5-D5 | 56.0392 | −20.8439 | 57.6755 | 3 - Primary Somatosensory Cortex (0.47) |
| 12 | S6-D5 | 37.2309 | −21.3494 | 72.4971 | 4 - Primary Motor Cortex (0.63) |
| 14 | S7-D6 | −37.926 | −21.6228 | 72.0886 | 4 - Primary Motor Cortex (0.71) |
| 15 | S8-D4 | −61.0227 | −36.1116 | 53.2459 | 40 - Supramarginal gyrus part of Wernicke's area (0.80) |
| 16 | S8-D6 | −58.0916 | −20.8609 | 55.1969 | 3 - Primary Somatosensory Cortex (0.56) |
| 17 | S9-D5 | 53.1517 | −6.9137 | 54.9788 | 4 - Primary Motor Cortex (0.41) 6 - Pre-Motor and Supplementary Motor Cortex (0.59) |
| 18 | S9-D7 | 49.6831 | 7.6117 | 52.3461 | 6 - Pre-Motor and Supplementary Motor Cortex (0.7) |
| 19 | S10-D5 | 35.1598 | −9.7203 | 69.229 | 6 - Pre-Motor and Supplementary Motor Cortex (0.93) |
| 20 | S10-D7 | 32.7938 | 6.1663 | 66.2847 | 6 - Pre-Motor and Supplementary Motor Cortex (0.70) |
| 21 | S11-D6 | −34.4659 | −8.8191 | 68.7227 | 6 - Pre-Motor and Supplementary Motor Cortex (0.90) |
| 22 | S11-D8 | −31.8668 | 7.0903 | 66.1236 | 6 - Pre-Motor and Supplementary Motor Cortex (0.69) |
| 23 | S12-D6 | −55.2218 | −6.0424 | 53.363 | 6 - Pre-Motor and Supplementary Motor Cortex (0.66) |
| 24 | S12-D8 | −49.7183 | 9.0521 | 51.777 | 6 - Pre-Motor and Supplementary Motor Cortex (0.67) |
| 25 | S13-D7 | 30.6143 | 17.6711 | 62.1171 | 8 - Includes Frontal eye fields (0.90) |
| 26 | S14-D8 | −29.1546 | 18.9128 | 62.5035 | 8 - Includes Frontal eye fields (0.88) |
| 27 | S15-D9 | 27.9412 | 36.1898 | 51.7714 | 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.63) |
| 28 | S15-D11 | 40.9107 | 38.1954 | 40.8476 | 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.61) |
| 29 | S16-D9 | 12.3581 | 45.8872 | 52.179 | 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.73) |
| 30 | S16-D10 | −9.3592 | 48.0675 | 52.3064 | 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.81) |
| 31 | S16-D12 | 1.0456 | 55.6951 | 40.2499 | 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.90) |
| 32 | S17-D10 | −26.0758 | 38.3257 | 51.4638 | 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.74) |
| 33 | S17-D13 | −40.8262 | 40.0934 | 39.4797 | 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.42) |
| 34 | S18-D9 | 20.6712 | 51.9917 | 41.5768 | 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.99) |
| 35 | S18-D11 | 34.0131 | 54.4898 | 28.2762 | 46 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.98) |
| 36 | S18-D12 | 13.4375 | 63.7052 | 30.858 | 10 - Frontopolar area (0.71) |
| 37 | S18-D14 | 25.3528 | 67.0449 | 16.7319 | 10 - Frontopolar area (0.98) |
| 38 | S19-D10 | −19.5523 | 53.1065 | 40.9674 | 9 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.92) |
| 39 | S19-D10 | −12.1443 | 64.3739 | 31.2437 | 10 - Frontopolar area (0.72) |
| 40 | S19-D13 | −33.7944 | 55.0056 | 27.9028 | 46 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (1) |
| 41 | S19-D15 | −23.5638 | 67.4366 | 16.6988 | 10 - Frontopolar area (0.96) |
| 42 | S20-D11 | 46.4588 | 52.1383 | 14.7427 | 46 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.84) |
| 43 | S20-D14 | 38.7407 | 63.8563 | 1.1675 | 10 - Frontopolar area (0.74) |
| 44 | S21-D12 | 0.8251 | 67.1413 | 15.7566 | 10 - Frontopolar area (1) |
| 45 | S21-D14 | 14.6621 | 73.3848 | 1.9394 | 10 - Frontopolar area (0.78) |
| 46 | S21-D15 | −13.1752 | 73.3148 | 2.7291 | 10 - Frontopolar area (0.79) |
| 47 | S22-D13 | −46.6791 | 52.4921 | 14.0445 | 46 - Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (0.78) |
| 48 | S22-D15 | −37.4194 | 64.5714 | 0.87567 | 10 - Frontopolar area (0.77) |
| Withdrawal motivation | Dependent variable | Model parameters | Standardized regression coefficient (B) | Significance of t (p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Mean choice of reappraisal | R2 = 0.01 F(3, 40) = 0.16 p = 0.92 | right PFC = 0.08 left TPJ = −0.02 right TPJ = 0.06 | 0.667 0.911 0.769 |
| Mean choice of distraction | R2 = 0.05 F(3, 40) = 0.75 p = 0.53 | right PFC = 0.01 left TPJ = −0.12 right TPJ = 0.16 | 0.943 0.607 0.500 | |
| Mean choice of watch | R2 = 0.11 F(3, 40) = 1.56 p = 0.21 | right PFC = −0.16 left TPJ = 0.48 right TPJ = −0.33 | 0.354 0.040 0.144 | |
| High | Mean choice of reappraisal | R2 = 0.06 F(3, 40) = 0.83 p = 0.49 | right PFC = −0.15 left TPJ = 0.20 right TPJ = −0.04 | 0.328 0.212 0.824 |
| Mean choice of distraction | R2 = 0.06 F(3, 40) = 0.86 p = 0.47 | right PFC = 0.04 left TPJ = −0.001 right TPJ = −0.25 | 0.821 0.996 0.125 | |
| Mean choice of watch | R2 = 0.09 F(3, 40) = 1.26 p = 0.30 | right PFC = 0.12 left TPJ = −0.20 right TPJ = 0.21 | 0.425 0.202 0.183 |
Appendix table 4 Prediction of Regulators' Brain Activation Levels on Strategy Selection Behavior in Intrapersonal ERCT (n = 44)
| Withdrawal motivation | Dependent variable | Model parameters | Standardized regression coefficient (B) | Significance of t (p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Mean choice of reappraisal | R2 = 0.01 F(3, 40) = 0.16 p = 0.92 | right PFC = 0.08 left TPJ = −0.02 right TPJ = 0.06 | 0.667 0.911 0.769 |
| Mean choice of distraction | R2 = 0.05 F(3, 40) = 0.75 p = 0.53 | right PFC = 0.01 left TPJ = −0.12 right TPJ = 0.16 | 0.943 0.607 0.500 | |
| Mean choice of watch | R2 = 0.11 F(3, 40) = 1.56 p = 0.21 | right PFC = −0.16 left TPJ = 0.48 right TPJ = −0.33 | 0.354 0.040 0.144 | |
| High | Mean choice of reappraisal | R2 = 0.06 F(3, 40) = 0.83 p = 0.49 | right PFC = −0.15 left TPJ = 0.20 right TPJ = −0.04 | 0.328 0.212 0.824 |
| Mean choice of distraction | R2 = 0.06 F(3, 40) = 0.86 p = 0.47 | right PFC = 0.04 left TPJ = −0.001 right TPJ = −0.25 | 0.821 0.996 0.125 | |
| Mean choice of watch | R2 = 0.09 F(3, 40) = 1.26 p = 0.30 | right PFC = 0.12 left TPJ = −0.20 right TPJ = 0.21 | 0.425 0.202 0.183 |
| Variables | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Reappraisal Selection Proportion Difference | −0.12 | 0.27 | 1 | ||||||
| 2 Watch Selection Proportion Difference | 0.14 | 0.24 | −0.44 | 1 | |||||
| 3 Personal Distress | 9.75 | 3.56 | 0.06 | −0.18 | 1 | ||||
| 4 Empathic Concern | 17.57 | 3.19 | −0.01 | −0.04 | 0.21 | 1 | |||
| 5 Perspective Taking | 12.61 | 3.76 | 0.23* | −0.22* | 0.11 | 0.10 | 1 | ||
| 6 Fantasy | 13.98 | 3.25 | −0.01 | −0.08 | 0.29 | 0.44** | 0.34** | 1 | |
| 7 Total Empathy Score | 53.91 | 9.81 | 0.12 | −0.19 | 0.52*** | 0.49** | 0.50** | 0.69*** | 1 |
Appendix table 5 Correlation Between the Difference in Proportions of Regulators' Selection of Reappraisal and Watch and Empathy (n = 44)
| Variables | M | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Reappraisal Selection Proportion Difference | −0.12 | 0.27 | 1 | ||||||
| 2 Watch Selection Proportion Difference | 0.14 | 0.24 | −0.44 | 1 | |||||
| 3 Personal Distress | 9.75 | 3.56 | 0.06 | −0.18 | 1 | ||||
| 4 Empathic Concern | 17.57 | 3.19 | −0.01 | −0.04 | 0.21 | 1 | |||
| 5 Perspective Taking | 12.61 | 3.76 | 0.23* | −0.22* | 0.11 | 0.10 | 1 | ||
| 6 Fantasy | 13.98 | 3.25 | −0.01 | −0.08 | 0.29 | 0.44** | 0.34** | 1 | |
| 7 Total Empathy Score | 53.91 | 9.81 | 0.12 | −0.19 | 0.52*** | 0.49** | 0.50** | 0.69*** | 1 |
| Predictor Variables | Dependent variable | b | SE | β |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perspective Taking Scores | Reappraisal Selection Proportion Difference | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.38* |
| Watch Selection Proportion Difference | −0.02 | 0.01 | −0.29 |
Appendix table 6 Results of Linear Regression Analysis Between Reappraisal and Watch Selection Proportion Difference and Regulators' Perspective Taking Scores (n = 44)
| Predictor Variables | Dependent variable | b | SE | β |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perspective Taking Scores | Reappraisal Selection Proportion Difference | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.38* |
| Watch Selection Proportion Difference | −0.02 | 0.01 | −0.29 |
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