ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
CN 11-1911/B
Acta Psychologica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (9): 1572-1588.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.1572
• Reports of Empirical Studies • Previous Articles Next Articles
LI Yaqin1,2, DAI Jiajia1, GAO Wei1, YUAN Jiajin1,2
Received:2024-04-18
Published:2025-09-25
Online:2025-06-26
Supported by:LI Yaqin, DAI Jiajia, GAO Wei, YUAN Jiajin. (2025). Sustainable regulation effects of implementation intention-based reappraisal on negative emotions: Longitudinal EEG evidence. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 57(9), 1572-1588.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX
URL: https://journal.psych.ac.cn/acps/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.1572
Figure 1. SAM Task. The task presented six blocks of 90 trials, including 30 bloody trials, 30 non-bloody trials, and 30 neutral trials. Every block presented 15 pictures of different types (bloody/non-bloody/neutral), with a 1-minute break between every two blocks, blocks were counterbalanced across participants. Each trial started with a fixation cross (2-4 s), followed by a picture (4 s). After the offset of each picture, participants rated their level of emotional valence (5 s) and arousal (5 s).
Figure 2. Interaction effects on arousal and valence ratings during and after IIR acquisition. A. Arousal and valence ratings for different picture types in the IIR and control groups during the IIR acquisition phase (Day 0). All marginally significant effects are labeled with exact p-values, as in subsequent panels. B. Interaction effects on arousal and valence ratings from Day 1 to Day 7 after IIR acquisition. On Day 1 and Day 5, the Group × Picture Type interaction for valence was marginally significant; however, simple effects analysis (Bonferroni corrected) showed that valence ratings for both bloody and non-bloody images were significantly lower in the IIR group than in the control group (ps < 0.001). Note. p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, n.s. = not significant. Error bars represent standard deviations.
Figure 3. ERP waveforms and statistical results of frontal and centro-parietal LPPs during the IIR acquisition phase. A. Grand-average ERP waveforms of frontal and centro-parietal LPPs. The left panel shows frontal LPP amplitudes; the right panel shows centro-parietal LPP amplitudes. To enhance visual distinction in black-and-white printing, numeric labels (1-6) were added to each line: 1 = IIR-Bloody, 2 = IIR-Non-Bloody, 3 = IIR-Neutral, 4 = CG-Bloody, 5 = CG-Non-Bloody, 6 = CG-Neutral. B. Statistical significance of group main effects and Group × Picture Type interaction effects for LPP amplitudes across different time windows. From left to right: group main effect and Group × Picture Type interaction for frontal LPP (400-1100 ms), and Group × Picture Type interaction for centro-parietal LPP (1000-2000 ms). Note. p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, n.s. = not significant. Error bars represent standard deviations.
| LPP Time Window (ms) | IIR (n = 22) | CG (n = 22) | Group Main Effect | Picture Type Main Effect | Group × Picture Type Interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 400~600 | 3.53(3.07) | 8.08(4.96) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.241 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.509 | p = 0.161 η2 p = 0.044 |
| 600~1000 | 3.97(2.94) | 8.35(4.85) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.237 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.583 | p = 0.114 η2 p = 0.053 |
| 1000~1500 | 2.70(3.16) | 5.69(4.15) | p = 0.010 η2 p = 0.147 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.617 | p = 0.023 η2 p = 0.090 |
| 1500~2000 | 2.38(3.44) | 4.85(3.81) | p = 0.030 η2 p = 0.108 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.585 | p = 0.043 η2 p = 0.074 |
| 2000~2500 | 2.18(3.26) | 4.42(3.94) | p = 0.046 η2 p = 0.091 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.462 | p = 0.173 η2 p = 0.041 |
| 2500~3000 | 2.10(3.17) | 3.60(3.83) | p = 0.164 η2 p = 0.046 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.434 | p = 0.086 η2 p = 0.058 |
| 3000~3500 | 1.50(2.93) | 2.66(3.93) | p = 0.274 η2 p = 0.028 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.377 | p = 0.124 η2 p = 0.049 |
| 3500~4000 | 0.90(3.06) | 1.90(3.72) | p = 0.334 η2 p = 0.022 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.336 | p = 0.025 η2 p = 0.084 |
Table 1 Main and Interaction Effects of Group and Picture Type on Centro-Parietal LPP Amplitudes Across Different Time Windows in the IIR Acquisition Phase
| LPP Time Window (ms) | IIR (n = 22) | CG (n = 22) | Group Main Effect | Picture Type Main Effect | Group × Picture Type Interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 400~600 | 3.53(3.07) | 8.08(4.96) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.241 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.509 | p = 0.161 η2 p = 0.044 |
| 600~1000 | 3.97(2.94) | 8.35(4.85) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.237 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.583 | p = 0.114 η2 p = 0.053 |
| 1000~1500 | 2.70(3.16) | 5.69(4.15) | p = 0.010 η2 p = 0.147 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.617 | p = 0.023 η2 p = 0.090 |
| 1500~2000 | 2.38(3.44) | 4.85(3.81) | p = 0.030 η2 p = 0.108 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.585 | p = 0.043 η2 p = 0.074 |
| 2000~2500 | 2.18(3.26) | 4.42(3.94) | p = 0.046 η2 p = 0.091 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.462 | p = 0.173 η2 p = 0.041 |
| 2500~3000 | 2.10(3.17) | 3.60(3.83) | p = 0.164 η2 p = 0.046 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.434 | p = 0.086 η2 p = 0.058 |
| 3000~3500 | 1.50(2.93) | 2.66(3.93) | p = 0.274 η2 p = 0.028 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.377 | p = 0.124 η2 p = 0.049 |
| 3500~4000 | 0.90(3.06) | 1.90(3.72) | p = 0.334 η2 p = 0.022 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.336 | p = 0.025 η2 p = 0.084 |
| Day | LPP | LPP Time Window (ms) | Bloody | Non-Bloody | Neutral | Picture Type Main Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day0 | Frontal LPP | |||||
| 400~800 | 3.98(6.49) | 2.59(5.72) | 0.22(6.06) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.353 | ||
| 800~1100 | 6.04(5.78) | 5.82(5.66) | 0.62(5.13) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.553 | ||
| Centro-parietal LPP | ||||||
| 400~600 | 7.98(5.37) | 5.99(4.88) | 3.44(4.88) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.509 | ||
| 600~1000 | 8.29(5.41) | 7.48(5.13) | 2.72(4.50) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.583 | ||
| 1000~1500 | 5.78(4.83) | 6.48(4.37) | 0.33(4.49) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.617 | ||
| 1500~2000 | 5.39(4.83) | 5.86(4.39) | -0.42(4.46) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.585 | ||
| 2000~2500 | 4.97(5.10) | 4.99(4.56) | -0.05(4.04) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.462 | ||
| 2500~3000 | 4.67(5.37) | 4.33(4.39) | -0.46(3.63) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.434 | ||
| 3000~3500 | 4.16(5.23) | 3.10(4.98) | -1.03(3.29) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.377 | ||
| 3500~4000 | 3.28(5.22) | 2.34(4.79) | -1.42(3.46) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.336 | ||
| Day3 | Frontal LPP | |||||
| 400~800 | 0.85(5.76) | 0.94(5.80) | -2.07(5.33) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.391 | ||
| 800~1100 | 4.31(4.28) | 4.74(4.79) | -0.31(4.35) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.595 | ||
| Centro-parietal LPP | ||||||
| 400~600 | 4.24(5.81) | 3.62(5.40) | 1.07(4.83) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.366 | ||
| 600~1000 | 6.28(4.55) | 6.60(4.63) | 1.32(3.96) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.625 | ||
| 1000~1500 | 5.17(3.93) | 5.40(4.38) | 0.26(3.80) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.617 | ||
| 1500~2000 | 4.64(3.66) | 4.79(4.86) | -0.08(4.19) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.532 | ||
| 2000~2500 | 3.59(3.85) | 4.10(5.02) | -0.57(4.27) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.423 | ||
| Day7 | Frontal LPP | |||||
| 400~800 | -0.31(6.37) | -0.05(5.48) | -2.71(5.00) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.291 | ||
| 800~1100 | 3.67(5.52) | 4.24(4.60) | -0.92(3.63) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.513 | ||
| Centro-parietal LPP | ||||||
| 400~600 | 2.42(6.24) | 2.47(5.44) | 0.44(4.87) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.248 | ||
| 600~1000 | 4.57(5.09) | 5.45(4.53) | 1.09(3.54) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.479 | ||
| 1000~1500 | 4.11(4.48) | 4.75(4.18) | 0.19(3.80) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.477 | ||
| 1500~2000 | 3.05(4.83) | 3.63(4.92) | -0.10(4.17) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.343 | ||
| 2000~2500 | 2.45(5.44) | 2.46(5.26) | 0.06(4.10) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.200 |
Appendix Table 1. Main Effects of Picture Type on Frontal and Centro-parietal LPP Across Time Windows During and After IIR Acquisition
| Day | LPP | LPP Time Window (ms) | Bloody | Non-Bloody | Neutral | Picture Type Main Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day0 | Frontal LPP | |||||
| 400~800 | 3.98(6.49) | 2.59(5.72) | 0.22(6.06) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.353 | ||
| 800~1100 | 6.04(5.78) | 5.82(5.66) | 0.62(5.13) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.553 | ||
| Centro-parietal LPP | ||||||
| 400~600 | 7.98(5.37) | 5.99(4.88) | 3.44(4.88) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.509 | ||
| 600~1000 | 8.29(5.41) | 7.48(5.13) | 2.72(4.50) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.583 | ||
| 1000~1500 | 5.78(4.83) | 6.48(4.37) | 0.33(4.49) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.617 | ||
| 1500~2000 | 5.39(4.83) | 5.86(4.39) | -0.42(4.46) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.585 | ||
| 2000~2500 | 4.97(5.10) | 4.99(4.56) | -0.05(4.04) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.462 | ||
| 2500~3000 | 4.67(5.37) | 4.33(4.39) | -0.46(3.63) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.434 | ||
| 3000~3500 | 4.16(5.23) | 3.10(4.98) | -1.03(3.29) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.377 | ||
| 3500~4000 | 3.28(5.22) | 2.34(4.79) | -1.42(3.46) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.336 | ||
| Day3 | Frontal LPP | |||||
| 400~800 | 0.85(5.76) | 0.94(5.80) | -2.07(5.33) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.391 | ||
| 800~1100 | 4.31(4.28) | 4.74(4.79) | -0.31(4.35) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.595 | ||
| Centro-parietal LPP | ||||||
| 400~600 | 4.24(5.81) | 3.62(5.40) | 1.07(4.83) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.366 | ||
| 600~1000 | 6.28(4.55) | 6.60(4.63) | 1.32(3.96) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.625 | ||
| 1000~1500 | 5.17(3.93) | 5.40(4.38) | 0.26(3.80) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.617 | ||
| 1500~2000 | 4.64(3.66) | 4.79(4.86) | -0.08(4.19) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.532 | ||
| 2000~2500 | 3.59(3.85) | 4.10(5.02) | -0.57(4.27) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.423 | ||
| Day7 | Frontal LPP | |||||
| 400~800 | -0.31(6.37) | -0.05(5.48) | -2.71(5.00) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.291 | ||
| 800~1100 | 3.67(5.52) | 4.24(4.60) | -0.92(3.63) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.513 | ||
| Centro-parietal LPP | ||||||
| 400~600 | 2.42(6.24) | 2.47(5.44) | 0.44(4.87) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.248 | ||
| 600~1000 | 4.57(5.09) | 5.45(4.53) | 1.09(3.54) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.479 | ||
| 1000~1500 | 4.11(4.48) | 4.75(4.18) | 0.19(3.80) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.477 | ||
| 1500~2000 | 3.05(4.83) | 3.63(4.92) | -0.10(4.17) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.343 | ||
| 2000~2500 | 2.45(5.44) | 2.46(5.26) | 0.06(4.10) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.200 |
| Day | LPP | LPP Time Window (ms) | IIR (n = 22) | CG (n = 22) | Group Main Effect | Picture Type Main Effect | Group × Picture Type Interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day3 | Frontal LPP | ||||||
| 400~800 | -2.21(4.62) | 2.01(5.28) | p = 0.007 η2 p = 0.159 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.391 | p = 0.770 η2 p = 0.006 | ||
| 800~1100 | 1.45(3.88) | 4.37(3.75) | p = 0.015 η2 p = 0.133 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.595 | p = 0.793 η2 p = 0.005 | ||
| Centro-parietal LPP | |||||||
| 400~600 | 0.36(3.43) | 5.60(5.07) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.277 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.366 | p = 0.716 η2 p = 0.007 | ||
| 600~1000 | 2.82(3.08) | 6.64(3.87) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.238 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.625 | p = 0.821 η2 p = 0.004 | ||
| 1000~1500 | 2.44(3.60) | 4.78(3.20) | p = 0.028 η2 p = 0.110 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.617 | p = 0.452 η2 p = 0.019 | ||
| 1500~2000 | 2.18(3.83) | 4.05(3.37) | p = 0.093 η2 p = 0.066 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.532 | p = 0.850 η2 p = 0.004 | ||
| 2000~2500 | 1.62(3.57) | 3.13(3.61) | p = 0.171 η2 p = 0.044 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.423 | p = 0.340 η2 p = 0.025 | ||
| Day7 | Frontal LPP | ||||||
| 400~800 | -2.72(3.59) | 0.68(6.22) | p = 0.032 η2 p = 0.105 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.291 | p = 0.183 η2 p = 0.040 | ||
| 800~1100 | 1.00(2.66) | 3.66(4.75) | p = 0.027 η2 p = 0.111 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.513 | p = 0.304 η2 p = 0.027 | ||
| Centro-parietal LPP | |||||||
| 400~600 | -0.33(3.24) | 3.89(6.08) | p = 0.006 η2 p = 0.164 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.248 | p = 0.043 η2 p = 0.074 | ||
| 600~1000 | 1.90(1.90) | 5.51(4.62) | p = 0.002 η2 p = 0.215 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.479 | p = 0.268 η2 p = 0.031 | ||
| 1000~1500 | 1.66(2.75) | 4.37(3.82) | p = 0.010 η2 p = 0.148 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.477 | p = 0.445 η2 p = 0.018 | ||
| 1500~2000 | 0.94(3.41) | 3.45(4.30) | p = 0.038 η2 p = 0.099 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.343 | p = 0.737 η2 p = 0.006 | ||
| 2000~2500 | 0.30(4.00) | 3.01(4.47) | p = 0.040 η2 p = 0.097 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.200 | p = 0.747 η2 p = 0.006 |
Table 2 Main and Interaction Effects of Frontal and Centro-parietal LPP Amplitudes Across Time Windows in the Post-IIR Acquisition Phase
| Day | LPP | LPP Time Window (ms) | IIR (n = 22) | CG (n = 22) | Group Main Effect | Picture Type Main Effect | Group × Picture Type Interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day3 | Frontal LPP | ||||||
| 400~800 | -2.21(4.62) | 2.01(5.28) | p = 0.007 η2 p = 0.159 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.391 | p = 0.770 η2 p = 0.006 | ||
| 800~1100 | 1.45(3.88) | 4.37(3.75) | p = 0.015 η2 p = 0.133 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.595 | p = 0.793 η2 p = 0.005 | ||
| Centro-parietal LPP | |||||||
| 400~600 | 0.36(3.43) | 5.60(5.07) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.277 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.366 | p = 0.716 η2 p = 0.007 | ||
| 600~1000 | 2.82(3.08) | 6.64(3.87) | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.238 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.625 | p = 0.821 η2 p = 0.004 | ||
| 1000~1500 | 2.44(3.60) | 4.78(3.20) | p = 0.028 η2 p = 0.110 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.617 | p = 0.452 η2 p = 0.019 | ||
| 1500~2000 | 2.18(3.83) | 4.05(3.37) | p = 0.093 η2 p = 0.066 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.532 | p = 0.850 η2 p = 0.004 | ||
| 2000~2500 | 1.62(3.57) | 3.13(3.61) | p = 0.171 η2 p = 0.044 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.423 | p = 0.340 η2 p = 0.025 | ||
| Day7 | Frontal LPP | ||||||
| 400~800 | -2.72(3.59) | 0.68(6.22) | p = 0.032 η2 p = 0.105 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.291 | p = 0.183 η2 p = 0.040 | ||
| 800~1100 | 1.00(2.66) | 3.66(4.75) | p = 0.027 η2 p = 0.111 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.513 | p = 0.304 η2 p = 0.027 | ||
| Centro-parietal LPP | |||||||
| 400~600 | -0.33(3.24) | 3.89(6.08) | p = 0.006 η2 p = 0.164 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.248 | p = 0.043 η2 p = 0.074 | ||
| 600~1000 | 1.90(1.90) | 5.51(4.62) | p = 0.002 η2 p = 0.215 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.479 | p = 0.268 η2 p = 0.031 | ||
| 1000~1500 | 1.66(2.75) | 4.37(3.82) | p = 0.010 η2 p = 0.148 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.477 | p = 0.445 η2 p = 0.018 | ||
| 1500~2000 | 0.94(3.41) | 3.45(4.30) | p = 0.038 η2 p = 0.099 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.343 | p = 0.737 η2 p = 0.006 | ||
| 2000~2500 | 0.30(4.00) | 3.01(4.47) | p = 0.040 η2 p = 0.097 | p < 0.001 η2 p = 0.200 | p = 0.747 η2 p = 0.006 |
Figure 4. ERP waveforms and statistical results of frontal and centro-parietal LPPs during the post-IIR acquisition phase. A. ERP waveforms of frontal and centro-parietal LPPs on Day 3. The left panel displays frontal LPP amplitudes; the right panel displays centro-parietal LPP amplitudes. B. Statistical significance of group main effects on LPP amplitudes for different time windows on Day 3. From left to right: group main effect for frontal LPP (400-1100 ms) and for centro-parietal LPP (400-1500 ms). C. ERP waveforms of frontal and centro-parietal LPPs on Day 7. The left panel shows frontal LPP amplitudes; the right panel shows centro-parietal LPP amplitudes. D. Statistical significance of group main effects and Group × Picture Type interaction effects on Day 7. From left to right: group main effect for frontal LPP (400-1100 ms), group main effect for centro-parietal LPP (400-2500 ms), and Group × Picture Type interaction effect for centro-parietal LPP (400-600 ms). Note. p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, n.s. = not significant. Error bars represent standard deviations. To improve clarity in black-and-white printing, each waveform line in Panels A and C is labeled numerically as follows: 1 = IIR-Bloody, 2 = IIR-Non-Bloody, 3 = IIR-Neutral, 4 = CG-Bloody, 5 = CG-Non-Bloody, 6 = CG-Neutral.
| [1] | Bargh, J. A. (1990). Auto-motives:Preconscious determinants of social interaction. In E. T. Higgins & R. M. Sorrentino (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and social cognition: Foundations of social behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 93-130). New York: Guilford Press. |
| [2] | Bargh, J. A., & Williams, L. E. (2007). The nonconscious regulation of emotion. In J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 429-445). New York, NY: Guilford Press. |
| [3] |
Bargh, J. A., Gollwitzer, P. M., Lee-Chai, A., Barndollar, K., & Trötschel, R. (2001). The automated will: Nonconscious activation and pursuit of behavioral goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(6), 1014-1027.
pmid: 11761304 |
| [4] |
Bieleke, M., Legrand, E., Mignon, A., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2018). More than planned: Implementation intention effects in non-planned situations. Acta Psychologica, 184, 64-74.
doi: S0001-6918(16)30404-8 pmid: 28666568 |
| [5] |
Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1994). Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25(1), 49-59.
doi: 10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9 pmid: 7962581 |
| [6] | Chen, S., Ding, N., Wang, F., Li, Z., Qin, S., Biswal, B. B., & Yuan, J. (2021). Functional decoupling of emotion coping network subsides automatic emotion regulation by implementation intention. Neural Plasticity, 6639739, 12. |
| [7] |
Chen, S., Yu, K., Yang, J., & Yuan, J. (2020). Automatic reappraisal-based implementation intention produces early and sustainable emotion regulation effects: Event-related potential evidence. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 14, 89.
doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00089 pmid: 32765230 |
| [8] | Christou-Champi, S., Farrow, T. F., & Webb, T. L. (2015). Automatic control of negative emotions: Evidence that structured practice increases the efficiency of emotion regulation. Cognition and Emotion, 29(2), 319-331. |
| [9] |
Gallo, I. S., Keil, A., McCulloch, K. C., Rockstroh, B., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2009). Strategic automation of emotion regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(1), 11-31.
doi: 10.1037/a0013460 pmid: 19210061 |
| [10] |
Hajcak, G., Moser, J. S., & Simons, R. F. (2006). Attending to affect: Appraisal strategies modulate the electrocortical response to arousing pictures. Emotion, 6(3), 517-522.
doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.6.3.517 pmid: 16938092 |
| [11] |
Hassin, R. R., Bargh, J. A., & Zimerman, S. (2009). Automatic and flexible: The case of nonconscious goal pursuit. Social Cognition, 27(1), 20-36.
doi: 10.1521/soco.2009.27.1.20 pmid: 19325712 |
| [12] | Huang, X., Chen, S., Gao, W., Yang, J., & Yuan, J. (2020). Emotion regulation by implementation intention is generalizable to unspecified situations: The nature of the underlying goal matters. Acta Psychologica, 210, 103144. |
| [13] |
Kessel, E. M., Kujawa, A., Goldstein, B., Hajcak, G., Bufferd, S. J., Dyson, M., & Klein, D. N. (2017). Behavioral observations of positive and negative valence systems in early childhood predict physiological measures of emotional processing three years later. Journal of Affective Disorders, 216, 70-77.
doi: S0165-0327(16)30571-7 pmid: 27829516 |
| [14] | Mauss, I. B., Cook, C. L., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Automatic emotion regulation during anger provocation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(5), 698-711. |
| [15] | Schubring, D., & Schupp, H. T. (2019). Affective picture processing: Alpha‐and lower beta‐band desynchronization reflects emotional arousal. Psychophysiology, 56(8), e13386. |
| [16] | Yang, J., Yan, X., Chen, S., Liu, W., Zhang, X., & Yuan, J. (2022). Increased motivational intensity leads to preference for distraction over reappraisal during emotion regulation: Mediated by attentional breadth. Emotion, 22(7), 1595-1603. |
| [17] | Yen, N. S., Chen, K. H., & Liu, E. H. (2010). Emotional modulation of the late positive potential (LPP) generalizes to Chinese individuals. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 75(3), 319-325. |
| [18] | Yuan, J., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Gao, K., Tan, S., & Zhang, D. (2023). The emotion-regulation benefits of implicit reappraisal in clinical depression: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. Neuroscience Bulletin, 39(6), 973-983. |
| Viewed | ||||||
|
Full text |
|
|||||
|
Abstract |
|
|||||
