ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7): 951-959.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2014.00951

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

姿势干扰强度的心理预期效应

谢琳;王健;张芷;袁立伟;王楚婕   

  1. (1浙江大学心理与行为科学系, 杭州 310028) (2浙江大学体育科学与技术研究所, 杭州 310028)
  • 收稿日期:2013-07-03 发布日期:2014-07-25 出版日期:2014-07-25
  • 通讯作者: 王健
  • 基金资助:

    2013~2016国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2013BAI10B00, 2013BAI10B05)。

Psychological Predictive Effects of Sudden Posture Perturbation

XIE Lin;WANG Jian;ZHANG Zhi;YUAN Liwei;WANG Chujie   

  1. (1 Department of psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China) (2 Institute of Sports Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China)
  • Received:2013-07-03 Online:2014-07-25 Published:2014-07-25
  • Contact: WANG Jian

摘要:

本研究基于经典快速举臂试验与落球试验范式, 采用表面肌电信号分析技术, 研究内、外姿势干扰强度的心理预期对腰部姿势肌肉和上肢动作肌肉预期姿势调节(APAs)和补偿姿势调节(CPAs)的影响, 探讨中枢神经系统(CNS)对内、外姿势干扰的控制策略。20名健康受试者先后完成不同负荷强度的快速举臂试验和落球试验, 同步采集腰部竖脊肌、腰部多裂肌和上肢肱二头肌的表面肌电信号, 计算肌肉预激活时间和APAs与CPAs积分肌电值, 观察内、外姿势干扰强度的心理预期对中枢APAs和CPAs控制机制的影响。结果显示内部姿势干扰条件下, 干扰强度的心理预期对腰部多裂肌、腰部竖脊肌和上肢肱二头肌的APAs强度有显著影响, 而对预激活时间和CPAs强度无显著影响; 外部姿势干扰条件下, 干扰强度的心理预期对腰部多裂肌、腰部竖脊肌和肱二头肌的APAs强度有显著影响, 对肱二头肌和腰部多裂肌预激活时间有显著影响, 而对CPAs强度无显著影响。突发可预期姿势干扰条件下姿势的快速反应是一个由CNS主导的神经肌肉运动控制过程。受姿势干扰强度心理预期的影响, CNS对内、外突发姿势干扰条件下腰部姿势肌肉的活动采取了不同的控制策略。在内部姿势干扰条件下, 干扰刺激发生时间明确, CNS主要通过对APAs强度的调节来实现姿势肌肉的优化控制; 而在外部姿势干扰条件下, 干扰刺激时间不明确, CNS则通过对局部稳定肌APAs预激活时间以及局部稳定肌和整体稳定肌APAs强度的双重调节实现姿势肌肉的优化控制。干扰强度的心理预期对姿势肌肉APAs和CPAs的作用表明, 心理预期效应主要源自于CNS对局部和整体稳定肌APAs控制机制的调制。

关键词: 心理预期, 姿势干扰强度, 预期姿势调节, 补偿姿势调节

Abstract:

In response to sudden posture perturbation, two different neural control strategies in central nervous system are used, named anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) and compensatory postural adjustments (CPAs). Previous studies have identified associations between psychological expectations of posture perturbation and the intensity of APAs and CPAs. However, it's unclear whether these associations are consistent with different experiment paradigm and perturbations from different sources. This study aimed to examine the psychological predictive effect of sudden posture perturbation magnitude on the APAs and CPAs by which CNS acts on focal muscles and lumbar posture muscles. Arm-raising test and Ball-hitting test were performed with surface electromyography signal analysis. 20 healthy subjects voluntarily participated in the studies. In the Arm-raising test, they rapidly raise arms with a load of 0 kg/1 kg/2 kg in both hands. In the Ball-hitting test, they caught a ball fell from eye level to the pan holding in their hands. The ball weights of 1 kg/1.5 kg/2 kg were used. EMG activities of biceps brachii (BB) as focal muscle, lumbar erector spinae (LES) and Lumbar multifidus (LMF) as posture muscle were recorded. The pre-activation time and integrated EMG of APAs and CPAs were calculated to determine the effects of perturbation magnitude from different sources on APAs and CPAs of focal and postural muscles. The results showed that the posture perturbation magnitude had a psychological predictive effect on muscles under both internal and external perturbation conditions. Under the internal perturbation condition, the APAs IEMG of BB significantly increased with the magnitude of perturbation, while the APAs IEMG of LES and LMF were different only between 0 kg load level and the other two. The pre-action time and CPAs IEMG of all these muscles have no significant different under all 3 load levels. Under the external condition, the expectation of perturbation magnitude has significant effect on the pre-action time of both BB and LMF, as well as the APAs IEMG of BB, LES and LMF. The APAs IEMG of BB and LMF were significant different between 3 load levels, while the pre-action time of BB and LMF, and the APAs IEMG of LES had no difference between 1.5 kg load and 2 kg load. Perturbation magnitude expectation had no effect on the CPAs IEMG on all 3 muscles. We conclude that psychological predictive effects of posture perturbation are existed on both posture and focal muscle activities. Such effects are exhibited differently depending on internal and external perturbation conditions. CNS will orchestrate to give an optimal control of postural muscle through adjustments of APAs IEMG under internal condition, or though adjustments of both pre-action time and APAs IEMG under external condition. The observed effects on APAs and CPAs suggest that the psychological predictive effect of sudden posture perturbation magnitude comes mainly from the CNS modulation on APAs mechanism.

Key words: psychological predictive effect, perturbation magnitude, anticipatory postural adjustments, compensatory postural adjustments