ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办：中国心理学会
　　　中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (9): 1188-1198.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2015.01188

• 论文 • 上一篇    

允许CAT题目检查的区块题目袋方法

林喆1;陈平2;辛涛1,2   

  1. (1北京师范大学发展心理研究所, 北京 100875) (2中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心, 北京 100875)
  • 收稿日期:2014-11-06 发布日期:2015-09-25 出版日期:2015-09-25
  • 通讯作者: 辛涛, E-mail: xintao@bnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金面上项目(31371047); 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31300862); 高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20130003120002); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2013YB26)。

The Block Item Pocket Method to Allow Item Review in CAT

LIN Zhe1; CHEN Pin2; XIN Tao1,2   

  1. (1 Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)
    (2 National Innovation Center for Assessment of Basic Education Quality, Beijing 100875, China)
  • Received:2014-11-06 Online:2015-09-25 Published:2015-09-25
  • Contact: XIN Tao, E-mail: xintao@bnu.edu.cn

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摘要：

允许题目检查能够促进计算机化自适应测验(CAT)在实际中的应用。在不影响能力估计精度和测验公平性的前提下, 允许CAT题目检查能够缓解考生考试焦虑, 减少无关因素引起的测量误差。区块题目袋方法是连续区块方法与题目袋方法的结合, 不仅能允许CAT题目检查, 还能够弥补题目袋方法的不足。研究结果表明：(1)合理作答策略下, 区块题目袋方法的估计精度在低能力水平上要优于题目袋方法; (2)在应对类似Wainer作答策略时, 区块题目袋方法的估计精度在所有能力水平上均优于题目袋方法。(3)随着区块数的增加, 区块题目袋方法的能力估计精度越接近无修改的基线水平。

关键词: 计算机化自适应测验, 题目检查, 题目袋, 题目修改, 区块题目袋

Abstract:

Most computerized adaptive testing (CAT) do not allow examinees to review items because it will drastically decrease measurement precision and bring about extra cheating strategies (Wainer, 1993; Wise, 1996). Allowing item review is essential to make CAT comparable with traditional tests. It also matters in application. Item review enables examinees to correct mistakes due to carelessness, which can further improve the precision of ability estimation. No such option may cause some negative consequences for their overall performance especially in high-stake examinations, such as tension or anxiety (Vispoel, Henderickson, & Bleiler, 2000). Therefore, it is worth trying if allowing item review could alleviate problems mentioned at the beginning (Wise, 1996; Vispoel, 2000, 2005).

Several methods have been proposed, including the successive block method (Stocking, 1997) and the item pocket (IP) method (Han, 2013). However, both methods are limited in some ways. Stocking’s method does not allow examinees to skip items and requires a large number of blocks which may bring about some extra adverse effects because of frequent decision to go to next block. Han’s method can avoid limitations of Stocking’s. But it requires an appropriate IP size and may result in high bias in large IP size situation. The present study proposed the block item pocket (BIP) method which sets fewer but larger blocks with a proper total IP size. This method keeps advantages of Stocking’s and Han’s and overcomes their disadvantages.
Two simulation studies of two response strategies were conducted to evaluate validity of the BIP method. Item parameters were randomly drawn from uniform distribution (b ~ U (-3, 3)) and (α ~ U (0, 2)). Each examinee was administered a fixed-length CAT with 30 items. The initial item for each examinee was randomly drawn from θ ~ U (-0.5, 0.5). For the CAT administration, the Maximum Fisher Information method was adopted to select items. The interim and final scores were estimated using MLE method in most conditions. When responses were less than 5 or when all answers were correct or wrong, EAP method was adopted. Each study contained five conditions: non-review, 1 blocks IP method, 2 blocks, 3 blocks and 6 blocks BIP method. Statistics like BIAS, MAE, and RMSE were used as evaluation criteria.

Results indicated that: (1) BIP method had better estimate precision than IP method at low ability level under normal strategy; (2) When dealing with Wainer-like strategy, BIP method was far more precise than item pocket method at all ability levels; (3) As the number of blocks increased, estimate precision got closer to non-review condition. Advantages of this new method and future directions were discussed.

Key words: computerized adaptive testing, item review, item pocket method, answer change, block item pocket method