ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (06): 663-671.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

动词的延续性特征及瞬时时间副词对时间转换事件表征的影响

仝宇光;张奇;张丽芳   

  1. (1辽宁师范大学教育学院心理系, 大连 116029) (2河北农业大学学生处, 保定 071000)
  • 收稿日期:2009-04-28 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2010-06-30 发布日期:2010-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 张奇

Effects of Verb’s Trait of Continuance and Adverb of Instantaneous Time about Representation of Events of Temporal Shifts in Chinese Text Readin

TONG Yu-Guang;ZHANG Qi;ZHANG Li-Fang   

  1. (1 Department of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China)
    (2 Division of Students Affairs, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China)
  • Received:2009-04-28 Revised:1900-01-01 Published:2010-06-30 Online:2010-06-30
  • Contact: ZHANG Qi

摘要: 为考察语篇阅读中, 汉语动词的延续性特征以及瞬时时间副词对时间转换事件表征的影响, 采用探测-判断的语篇实时阅读技术分别进行了两个实验。实验1的结果表明, 当描述转换前事件的动词是延续性动词时, 短时转换句与瞬时转换句的阅读时间无显著差异; 而当描述转换前事件的动词是短暂性动词时, 短时转换句的阅读时间明显长于瞬时转换句的阅读时间。实验2的结果表明, 当不在时间转换句前添加瞬时时间副词时, 长时与短时转换句前探测词的再认时间存在显著差异; 而当在时间转换句前添加瞬时时间副词时, 长时与短时转换句前探测词的再认时间无显著差异。两个实验结果分别说明, 动词的延续性特征和时间转换短句的结合影响了时间转换事件的表征, 在长时转换句的前面添加瞬时时间副词缩短了长时转换事件的表征时间。

关键词: 语篇阅读, 情境模型, 动词的延续性特征, 瞬时时间副词, 心理转换时间

Abstract: Situation model is the deep representation of events described formed by readers in text reading. How the temporal shifts of story are represented is an important dimension and a controversial issue. Scenario model considered that the units of time representation were the separated chunk (Anderson, Garrod, & Sanford, 1983); strong iconicity assumption reckoned that readers relied on sequence and continuity to process time information(Zwaan,1996) and in his experiments instantaneous temporal shifts and short temporal shifts were confused. Kelter, Kaup & Claus (2004) argued that obvious temporal discontinuity produced temporal shifts. But compared Zwaan’s experiments with examples presented by Kelter et al, the trait of verb’s continuance for temporal shifts was not clear. Thus it seemed that representing temporal shifts was not only determined by temporal adverbs, but also determined by the verb’s trait of continuance of front event. Besides, in Chinese text reading, the adverb of instantaneous temporal shifts could function as a cue followed by different temporal intervals. Hence the present study is to explore the effect of verb’s trait of continuance and adverb of instantaneous time about representation of the events including temporal shifts in text reading.
A total of 152 college students participated in present study. Using moving window and probe- judgment technique of on line reading, two experiments were carried out by using E - Prime software. Subjects tried to be self-paced for reading. When one sentence was read, they pressed the space bar, and the next sentence emerged with the former sentence’s disappearance. After several sentences were read, the emergence of "××××?" (×××× represented probe word) prompted subjects to press “J” or “F” to judge whether probe word ever emerged in text. After finishing one text, the emergence of "******" prompted subjects to answer a comprehensive question about the text. The reaction time of probe materials(the ninth sentences in experiment 1 and the probe words in the end of the eighth sentences in experiment 2) were recorded and analyzed with repeated measures of MANOVA.
The results of experiment 1 indicated that when the verb’s trait of front event was continuity, reading time was not significant differences between the sentences of instantaneous temporal shifts and the sentences of short temporal shifts. When the verb’s trait of front event was temporariness, the sentences of short shifts were read more slowly than the sentence of instantaneous temporal shifts. In experiment 2, when there was no existence of the adverb of instantaneous time, the probe words in the condition of long temporal shifts were reacted more slowly than that in the condition of short temporal shifts. But when the adverbs of instantaneous time functioned as a cue followed by temporal shifts, the reaction time of probe words in the condition of short temporal shifts was not salient than that in the condition of long temporal shifts.
The conclusions are derived from this study: (1) the verb’s trait of continuance together with the condition of temporal shifts determines the probe sentences’ reading time. It seems that, the verb’s trait of temporariness of the front event combined with the condition of short temporal shifts slows down the reading speed of sentences of short temporal shifts. The results show that, to differentiate instantaneous temporal shifts from short temporal shifts, and to differentiate the verb of continuity from the verb of temporariness are meaningful for representing the events of temporal shifts. (2) In Chinese text reading, the adverb of instantaneous time functions as a cue for representation of the events of long temporal shifts. In short, representation of events of temporal shifts is not only determined by the length of temporal interval, but also by the “time of mental temporal shifts”. "Time of mental temporal shifts" is the subjective time interval formed by readers in the process of processing temporal shifts according to their understanding of relations of events before and after temporal shifts. The verb’s trait of continuance and the adverb of instantaneous time are the important factors in influencing the "time of mental temporal shifts".

Key words: text reading, situation model, the verb’s trait of continuance, the adverb of instantaneous time, time of mental temporal shifts