集体主义促进亲社会正义感：共同责任的作用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.0700

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以往的正义研究受个人主义影响, 过于关注个人权利和利益, 以致忽视了关切他人不公遭遇的亲社会正义感。研究基于人类被试的问卷调查、启动实验以及大语言模型的角色扮演, 探讨了集体主义与亲社会正义感的关系及其作用机制。结果发现,人类被试的集体主义特质(研究1)正向预测亲社会正义感, 共同责任(而非规范服从)在二者之间起中介作用; 文化启动(集体主义 vs. 个人主义)验证了集体主义与亲社会正义感的因果关系以及共同责任的中介效应(研究2)。进而, 大语言模型角色扮演(集体主义vs. 个人主义)重复验证了上述结果(研究3)。此外, 不公反应视角对集体主义与亲社会正义感的关系起调节作用, 即相对于目击者视角, 集体主义对得利者、过错者视角下亲社会正义感的影响更大(研究2~3)。总之, 我们通过多种方法检验了集体主义对亲社会正义感的促进效应, 是正义研究从权利到责任转型的重要探索, 这对如何在错综复杂的后个人主义社会和智能时代培养他人取向的亲社会正义感具有重要启发。

关键词: 亲社会正义感, 集体主义, 后个人主义, 个人利益, 共同责任, 规范服从

Abstract:

The previous research on justice was deeply influenced by individualism, which overemphasized the calculation of individual rights and personal interests, while genuine justice dispositions reflect prosocial concerns for others’ suffering rather than self-centered concerns for one’s own interests. As a response to this cultural bias of justice research, the present research focused on the prosocial facets of justice sensitivity (JS) from the observer, beneficiary, and perpetrator perspectives, and examined whether and how prosocial JS was shaped by collectivism related to concern for others, and the moderation effect of reaction perspective and the mediation effect of communal responsibility.

Three studies were conducted using a questionnaire survey of cultural traits and an experiment of cultural priming upon human participants, as well as a role play of cultural products like Large Language Models (e.g., GLM-4). Firstly, a survey was conducted to measure collectivist/individualistic traits, prosocial JS, and communal responsibility as well as norm conformity (n = 182, Study 1). Next, collectivism (vs. individualism) was primed via scrambled sentence tasks (n = 155, Study 2) and role playing in GLM-4 (n = 200, Study 3), and then situational collectivism, prosocial JS, communal responsibility, and norm conformity were measured. Regarding the relationship between collectivism and prosocial JS, a repeated-measured MANOVA was used to further test the moderation effect of reaction perspective (observer vs. beneficiary vs. perpetrator), and a simple mediation model was used to test the possible mediation effects of communal responsibility and norm conformity.

In Study 1, the results showed that collectivism (but not individualism) was positively related to prosocial JS and its three facets, and this effect was mediated by communal responsibility (but not norm conformity). In Study 2, priming collectivism (vs. individualism) led to greater prosocial JS. Study 3 revealed that GLM-4 playing as the collectivist role, generated higher scores on prosocial JS, compared to those playing as the individualistic role. Moreover, a 2 (culture: collectivism vs. individualism) x 3 (perspective: observer vs. beneficiary vs. perpetrator) repeated-measure MANOVA revealed a significant moderation effect of perspective on collectivism and prosocial JS. In particular, compared to the observer perspective, the effects of collectivism on prosocial JS were stronger in beneficiary and perpetrator perspectives (Studies 2~3).

Based on a range of methodological approaches, the current findings demonstrate that prosocial JS is shaped by collectivism, and this effect was mediated by communal responsibility (but not norm conformity) and moderated by reaction perspective, which represents a critical development in the shift of justice research paradigms from a focus on individual rights to communal responsibilities. This research offers insights into strategies for nurturing other-oriented prosocial justice within the complex dynamics of a post-individualism society and the burgeoning era of artificial intelligence.

Key words: prosocial justice sensitivity, collectivism, post-individualism, personal interest, communal responsibility, norm comformity

中图分类号:

B849: C91

吴胜涛, 高承海, 胡琬莹, 王宁, 彭凯平. (2025). 集体主义促进亲社会正义感：共同责任的作用. 心理学报, 57(4), 700-719.

WU Michael Shengtao, GAO Chenghai, HU Wanying, WANG Ning, PENG Kaiping. (2025). Collectivism promotes prosocial justice sensitivity: The role of communal responsibility. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 57(4), 700-719.

图/表 17

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变量	亲社会正义感(总分)		亲社会正义感(目击者)		亲社会正义感(得利者)		亲社会正义感(过错者)
变量	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE
性别	0.14^*	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.15^*	0.07	0.12	0.07
年龄	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.07	0.10	0.07	0.01	0.07
共同责任	0.24^***	0.07	0.18^*	0.07	0.17^*	0.08	0.24^**	0.08
规范服从	0.06	0.07	0.12	0.08	0.08	0.08	−0.04	0.08
个人主义	0.06	0.07	0.14^*	0.07	0.11	0.07	−0.11	0.07
集体主义	0.26^***	0.08	0.19^*	0.08	0.18^*	0.08	0.26^**	0.08
R²	0.24		0.19		0.17		0.18
Adj. R²	0.21		0.16		0.14		0.15

变量	亲社会正义感(总分)		亲社会正义感(目击者)		亲社会正义感(得利者)		亲社会正义感(过错者)
变量	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE	B	SE
性别	0.14^*	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.15^*	0.07	0.12	0.07
年龄	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.07	0.10	0.07	0.01	0.07
共同责任	0.24^***	0.07	0.18^*	0.07	0.17^*	0.08	0.24^**	0.08
规范服从	0.06	0.07	0.12	0.08	0.08	0.08	−0.04	0.08
个人主义	0.06	0.07	0.14^*	0.07	0.11	0.07	−0.11	0.07
集体主义	0.26^***	0.08	0.19^*	0.08	0.18^*	0.08	0.26^**	0.08
R²	0.24		0.19		0.17		0.18
Adj. R²	0.21		0.16		0.14		0.15

变量	集体主义启动		个人主义启动		t	p	Cohen’s d
变量	M	SD	M	SD	t	p	Cohen’s d
共同责任	5.44	0.89	5.05	1.01	2.66	0.009	0.41
规范服从	4.64	1.19	4.50	0.87	0.83	0.408	0.13
亲社会正义感(目击者)	2.67	1.19	2.54	1.06	0.71	0.476	0.11
亲社会正义感(得利者)	2.91	1.03	2.44	1.20	2.80	0.006	0.43
亲社会正义感(过错者)	3.99	0.87	3.25	1.44	4.09	< 0.001	0.63
亲社会正义感(总分)	3.19	0.74	2.74	1.04	3.25	0.001	0.50

变量	集体主义启动		个人主义启动		t	p	Cohen’s d
变量	M	SD	M	SD	t	p	Cohen’s d
共同责任	5.44	0.89	5.05	1.01	2.66	0.009	0.41
规范服从	4.64	1.19	4.50	0.87	0.83	0.408	0.13
亲社会正义感(目击者)	2.67	1.19	2.54	1.06	0.71	0.476	0.11
亲社会正义感(得利者)	2.91	1.03	2.44	1.20	2.80	0.006	0.43
亲社会正义感(过错者)	3.99	0.87	3.25	1.44	4.09	< 0.001	0.63
亲社会正义感(总分)	3.19	0.74	2.74	1.04	3.25	0.001	0.50

变量	集体主义角色		个人主义角色		t	p	Cohen’s d
变量	M	SD	M	SD	t	p	Cohen’s d
共同责任	5.96	1.28	2.07	0.41	28.93	< 0.001	4.09
规范服从	4.64	1.60	1.38	0.19	20.20	< 0.001	2.86
亲社会正义感(目击者)	3.17	0.51	3.02	0.56	2.05	0.042	0.29
亲社会正义感(得利者)	3.90	0.46	1.44	0.38	41.49	< 0.001	5.87
亲社会正义感(过错者)	4.77	0.29	3.35	0.84	15.98	< 0.001	2.26
亲社会正义感(总分)	3.95	0.32	2.60	0.46	23.80^***	< 0.001	3.37