认知还是元认知：口语产生中舌尖效应的心理机制

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.02052

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

舌尖效应(Tip-of-the-tongue, TOT)在口语产生领域存在认知和元认知两种研究视角。认知视角主要针对口语产生的词汇通达过程, 认为信息激活或提取不充分是TOT发生的主要原因。元认知视角则主要关注口语产生的元认知过程, 认为个体对目标词提取状态的监测引发了TOT。TOT的元认知过程不仅可以监测目标词的提取状态及词汇通达过程中相关信息的提取, 而且可以控制词汇通达过程, 使目标词在TOT发生后成功地提取出来。两种研究视角在TOT发生的认知机制、影响因素以及生理基础方面均存在分离。未来研究应该探讨TOT监测和控制口语产生的作用机制和生理基础, 关注汉语背景下TOT发生规律及其对口语产生年老化的积极影响。

关键词: TOT, 认知视角, 元认知视角, 启发式元认知模型, 分离机制

Abstract:

Two research perspectives exist concerning tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) in the field of spoken production, either cognition or metacognition. The perspective of cognition focuses mainly on the process of lexical access, assuming that TOT is the failure to activate or retrieve the information sufficiently. However, the perspective of metacognition focuses mainly on the metacognitive process in spoken production, assuming that it is speakers’ monitoring of the retrievable state of the target words that leads to the occurrence of TOT. The metacognitive process involved in TOT can not only monitor the retrievable state of the target words and the retrieval of relevant information during lexical access, but also exert control over the process of lexical access to make sure that the target words could be successfully retrieved after TOT occurrence. The evidence so far has suggested that cognitive and metacognitive perspectives are dissociative in respects of cognitive mechanism, influencing factors and neural basis. Further studies should investigate the mechanism and neural networks underlying how TOT monitors and controls the cognitive system in retrieving the target words, and address the properties of TOT occurring in Mandarin spoken production and the positive effect of TOT on aging of spoken production.

Key words: TOT, perspective of cognition, perspective of metacognition, heuristic-metacognitive account, dissociative mechanism

中图分类号:

B842

欧阳明昆, 蔡笑, 张清芳. (2019). 认知还是元认知：口语产生中舌尖效应的心理机制. 心理科学进展 , 27(12), 2052-2063.

OUYANG Mingkun, CAI Xiao, ZHANG Qingfang. (2019). Cognition or metacognition: The psychological mechanism of tip-of-the-tongue in spoken production. Advances in Psychological Science, 27(12), 2052-2063.

图/表 3

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