Abstract:

Kernel equating procedures include pre-smoothing, estimation of the score probabilities, continuization, equating, and evaluation of equating performance. By incorporating linear equating and equipercentile equating methods, kernel equating is more extensible and comprehensive. Pre-smoothing and continuization are distinctive features in kernel equating to reduce the standard error of equating. Standard error of the difference between equating functions are calculated as criterion for evaluating the performances of different kernel equatings. Continuization methods, bandwidth selection methods, etc., can affect the performance of kernel equating. New equating methods based on kernel equating provide an innovative perspective for researchers. Further researchers could focus on extending kernel equating framework by integrating other methods, updating smoothing procedures, and comparative studies.

Key words: kernel equating, continuization, bandwidth selection, new equating methods