Acta Psychologica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 527-554.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2021.00527
YANG Weiwen1,2, LI Chaoping1()
Received:
2020-03-04
Published:
2021-05-25
Online:
2021-03-29
Supported by:
YANG Weiwen, LI Chaoping. (2021). The relationship between perceived overqualification and individual performance and mediating mechanisms: A meta-analytic review and examination of emotional and cognitive processing systems and cultural contexts. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 53(5), 527-554.
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URL: https://journal.psych.ac.cn/acps/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2021.00527
Dependent variable | K | N | $\bar{r}$ | $\bar{\rho}$ | SD | % Var | 95% CI | 80% CV | Nfs-0.05 | 5K+10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Negative emotions | 12 | 4874 | 0.39 | 0.43 | 0.16 | 6.72 | [0.34, 0.53] | [0.23, 0.64] | 3507 | 70 |
Anger | 9 | 3261 | 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.13 | 12.21 | [0.24, 0.44] | [0.17, 0.51] | 963 | 55 |
Boredom | 4 | 1911 | 0.50 | 0.56 | 0.11 | 7.57 | [0.38, 0.74] | [0.38, 0.74] | 788 | 30 |
Positive self-concepts | 24 | 7393 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.36 | 2.54 | [-0.11, 0.20] | [-0.42, 0.51] | 1058 | 130 |
General self-efficacy | 5 | 1938 | -0.01 | 0.00 | 0.44 | 1.31 | [-0.55, 0.56] | [-0.67, 0.68] | 95 | 35 |
Specific self-efficacy | 13 | 3698 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.18 | 9.01 | [0.18, 0.40] | [0.06, 0.52] | 1871 | 75 |
General Self-esteem | 2 | 697 | -0.16 | -0.17 | 0.24 | 4.77 | [-2.31, 1.98] | [-0.88, 0.55] | 5 | 20 |
OBSE | 6 | 1856 | -0.28 | -0.32 | 0.09 | 34.94 | [-0.41, -0.23] | [-0.43, -0.22] | 311 | 40 |
Performance | ||||||||||
Negative extra-role behavior | 30 | 9436 | 0.27 | 0.31 | 0.21 | 6.11 | [0.24, 0.39] | [0.05, 0.57] | 38672 | 160 |
CWB | 21 | 6420 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 10.47 | [0.15, 0.30] | [0.01, 0.43] | 7626 | 115 |
Turnover | 12 | 4127 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.23 | 4.04 | [0.26, 0.54] | [0.10, 0.70] | 11910 | 70 |
Positive extra-role behavior | 65 | 23932 | -0.05 | -0.06 | 0.27 | 3.65 | [-0.12, 0.01] | [-0.40, 0.29] | 766 | 335 |
Creativity | 21 | 6738 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.34 | 2.71 | [-0.10, 0.21] | [-0.38, 0.50] | 17 | 115 |
Job crafting | 10 | 6734 | -0.10 | -0.12 | 0.19 | 4.14 | [-0.25, 0.01] | [-0.37, 0.13] | 802 | 60 |
Voice | 10 | 3391 | -0.04 | -0.03 | 0.38 | 2.03 | [-0.30, 0.24] | [-0.55, 0.49] | 173 | 60 |
Proactive behavior | 8 | 2633 | -0.05 | -0.06 | 0.16 | 11.23 | [-0.20, 0.08] | [-0.28, 0.16] | 29 | 50 |
Knowledge sharing | 8 | 2510 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.27 | 4.23 | [-0.21, 0.25] | [-0.36, 0.40] | 7 | 50 |
OCB | 16 | 4874 | -0.1 | -0.12 | 0.20 | 8.25 | [-0.23, -0.02] | [-0.38, 0.13] | 216 | 90 |
Task performance | 17 | 5109 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 14.94 | [-0.04, 0.11] | [-0.15, 0.22] | 156 | 95 |
Table 1 Meta-analysis of POQ-outcome variables relationships
Dependent variable | K | N | $\bar{r}$ | $\bar{\rho}$ | SD | % Var | 95% CI | 80% CV | Nfs-0.05 | 5K+10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Negative emotions | 12 | 4874 | 0.39 | 0.43 | 0.16 | 6.72 | [0.34, 0.53] | [0.23, 0.64] | 3507 | 70 |
Anger | 9 | 3261 | 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.13 | 12.21 | [0.24, 0.44] | [0.17, 0.51] | 963 | 55 |
Boredom | 4 | 1911 | 0.50 | 0.56 | 0.11 | 7.57 | [0.38, 0.74] | [0.38, 0.74] | 788 | 30 |
Positive self-concepts | 24 | 7393 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.36 | 2.54 | [-0.11, 0.20] | [-0.42, 0.51] | 1058 | 130 |
General self-efficacy | 5 | 1938 | -0.01 | 0.00 | 0.44 | 1.31 | [-0.55, 0.56] | [-0.67, 0.68] | 95 | 35 |
Specific self-efficacy | 13 | 3698 | 0.24 | 0.29 | 0.18 | 9.01 | [0.18, 0.40] | [0.06, 0.52] | 1871 | 75 |
General Self-esteem | 2 | 697 | -0.16 | -0.17 | 0.24 | 4.77 | [-2.31, 1.98] | [-0.88, 0.55] | 5 | 20 |
OBSE | 6 | 1856 | -0.28 | -0.32 | 0.09 | 34.94 | [-0.41, -0.23] | [-0.43, -0.22] | 311 | 40 |
Performance | ||||||||||
Negative extra-role behavior | 30 | 9436 | 0.27 | 0.31 | 0.21 | 6.11 | [0.24, 0.39] | [0.05, 0.57] | 38672 | 160 |
CWB | 21 | 6420 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.17 | 10.47 | [0.15, 0.30] | [0.01, 0.43] | 7626 | 115 |
Turnover | 12 | 4127 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.23 | 4.04 | [0.26, 0.54] | [0.10, 0.70] | 11910 | 70 |
Positive extra-role behavior | 65 | 23932 | -0.05 | -0.06 | 0.27 | 3.65 | [-0.12, 0.01] | [-0.40, 0.29] | 766 | 335 |
Creativity | 21 | 6738 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.34 | 2.71 | [-0.10, 0.21] | [-0.38, 0.50] | 17 | 115 |
Job crafting | 10 | 6734 | -0.10 | -0.12 | 0.19 | 4.14 | [-0.25, 0.01] | [-0.37, 0.13] | 802 | 60 |
Voice | 10 | 3391 | -0.04 | -0.03 | 0.38 | 2.03 | [-0.30, 0.24] | [-0.55, 0.49] | 173 | 60 |
Proactive behavior | 8 | 2633 | -0.05 | -0.06 | 0.16 | 11.23 | [-0.20, 0.08] | [-0.28, 0.16] | 29 | 50 |
Knowledge sharing | 8 | 2510 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.27 | 4.23 | [-0.21, 0.25] | [-0.36, 0.40] | 7 | 50 |
OCB | 16 | 4874 | -0.1 | -0.12 | 0.20 | 8.25 | [-0.23, -0.02] | [-0.38, 0.13] | 216 | 90 |
Task performance | 17 | 5109 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 14.94 | [-0.04, 0.11] | [-0.15, 0.22] | 156 | 95 |
Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. POQ | |||||
2. Negative emotions | |||||
$(\bar{r}, \bar{\rho})$ | (0.39, 0.43) | ||||
(K, N) | (12, 4874) | ||||
95% CI | [0.34, 0.53] | ||||
80%CV | [0.23, 0.64] | ||||
3. Positive self-concepts | |||||
$(\bar{r}, \bar{\rho})$ | (0.03, 0.05) | (-0.02, -0.02) | |||
(K, N) | (24, 7393) | (12, 5392) | |||
95% CI | [-0.11, 0.20] | [-0.14, 0.10] | |||
80%CV | [-0.42, 0.51] | [-0.27, 0.23] | |||
4. Negative extra-role behaviors | |||||
$(\bar{r}, \bar{\rho})$ | (0.27, 0.31) | (0.30, 0.34) | (-0.26, -0.27) | ||
(K, N) | (30, 9436) | (18, 11036) | (11, 12503) | ||
95% CI | [0.24, 0.39] | [0.29, 0.40] | [-0.35, -0.19] | ||
80%CV | [0.05, 0.57] | [0.21, 0.48] | [-0.43, -0.12] | ||
5. Positive extra-role behaviors | |||||
$(\bar{r}, \bar{\rho})$ | (-0.05, -0.06) | (-0.08, -0.10) | (0.37, 0.40) | (-0.07, -0.06) | |
(K, N) | (65, 23932) | (19, 8312) | (92, 48381) | (14, 5471) | |
95% CI | [-0.12, 0.01] | [-0.27, 0.07] | [0.36, 0.44] | [-0.20, 0.07] | |
80%CV | [-0.40, 0.29] | [-0.56, 0.36] | [0.17, 0.64] | [-0.37, 0.24] | |
6. Task performance | |||||
$(\bar{r}, \bar{\rho})$ | (0.03, 0.03) | (-0.29, -0.29) | (0.18, 0.18) | (-0.09, -0.10) | (0.51, 0.57) |
(K, N) | (17, 5109) | (35, 19052) | (10, 12365) | (4, 1607) | (28, 7660) |
95% CI | [-0.04, 0.11] | [-0.33, -0.25] | [0.13, 0.23] | [-0.39, 0.19] | [0.51, 0.63] |
80%CV | [-0.15, 0.22] | [-0.43, -0.15] | [0.09, 0.27] | [-0.39, 0.19] | [0.36, 0.78] |
Table 2 Correlation matrix between POQ, negative emotions, positive self-concepts, negative extra-role behaviors, positive extra-role behaviors, and task performance.
Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. POQ | |||||
2. Negative emotions | |||||
$(\bar{r}, \bar{\rho})$ | (0.39, 0.43) | ||||
(K, N) | (12, 4874) | ||||
95% CI | [0.34, 0.53] | ||||
80%CV | [0.23, 0.64] | ||||
3. Positive self-concepts | |||||
$(\bar{r}, \bar{\rho})$ | (0.03, 0.05) | (-0.02, -0.02) | |||
(K, N) | (24, 7393) | (12, 5392) | |||
95% CI | [-0.11, 0.20] | [-0.14, 0.10] | |||
80%CV | [-0.42, 0.51] | [-0.27, 0.23] | |||
4. Negative extra-role behaviors | |||||
$(\bar{r}, \bar{\rho})$ | (0.27, 0.31) | (0.30, 0.34) | (-0.26, -0.27) | ||
(K, N) | (30, 9436) | (18, 11036) | (11, 12503) | ||
95% CI | [0.24, 0.39] | [0.29, 0.40] | [-0.35, -0.19] | ||
80%CV | [0.05, 0.57] | [0.21, 0.48] | [-0.43, -0.12] | ||
5. Positive extra-role behaviors | |||||
$(\bar{r}, \bar{\rho})$ | (-0.05, -0.06) | (-0.08, -0.10) | (0.37, 0.40) | (-0.07, -0.06) | |
(K, N) | (65, 23932) | (19, 8312) | (92, 48381) | (14, 5471) | |
95% CI | [-0.12, 0.01] | [-0.27, 0.07] | [0.36, 0.44] | [-0.20, 0.07] | |
80%CV | [-0.40, 0.29] | [-0.56, 0.36] | [0.17, 0.64] | [-0.37, 0.24] | |
6. Task performance | |||||
$(\bar{r}, \bar{\rho})$ | (0.03, 0.03) | (-0.29, -0.29) | (0.18, 0.18) | (-0.09, -0.10) | (0.51, 0.57) |
(K, N) | (17, 5109) | (35, 19052) | (10, 12365) | (4, 1607) | (28, 7660) |
95% CI | [-0.04, 0.11] | [-0.33, -0.25] | [0.13, 0.23] | [-0.39, 0.19] | [0.51, 0.63] |
80%CV | [-0.15, 0.22] | [-0.43, -0.15] | [0.09, 0.27] | [-0.39, 0.19] | [0.36, 0.78] |
Types of effects and paths | Calculation methods | All data | Data from the high collectivistic context | Data from the low collectivistic context | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | ||
The indirect effects of emotions | |||||||
POQ→NE→NB | Path POQ→NE ×Path NE→NB | 0.12 | [0.11, 0.13] | 0.11 | [0.09, 0.13] | 0.15 | [0.13, 0.18] |
POQ→NE→PB | Path POQ→NE ×Path NE→PB | -0.14 | [-0.16, -0.12] | -0.09 | [-0.13, -0.07] | -0.09 | [-0.13, -0.05] |
POQ→NE→JP | Path POQ→NE ×Path NE→JP | -0.29 | [-0.31, -0.27] | -0.11 | [-0.14, -0.08] | -0.35 | [-0.4, -0.31] |
The indirect effects of cognitions | |||||||
POQ→PS→NB | Path POQ→PS ×Path PS→NB | -0.01 | [-0.02, -0.01] | -0.04 | [-0.07, -0.01] | 0.06 | [0.04, 0.07] |
POQ→PS→PB | Path POQ→PS ×Path PS→PB | 0.03 | [0.01, 0.05] | 0.06 | [0.02, 0.11] | -0.10 | [-0.13, -0.08] |
POQ→PS→JP | Path POQ→PS ×Path PS→JP | 0.02 | [0.01, 0.03] | 0.05 | [0.02, 0.09] | -0.11 | [-0.14, -0.09] |
The diffences between the indirect effects of emotions and the indirect effects of cognitions | |||||||
POQ→NE→NB - POQ→PS→NB | Path POQ→NE ×Path NE→NB - Path POQ→PS ×Path PS→NB | 0.13 | [0.12, 0.15] | 0.15 | [0.11, 0.18] | 0.09 | [0.06, 0.12] |
POQ→NE→PB - POQ→PS→PB | Path POQ→NE ×Path NE→PB - Path POQ→PS ×Path PS→PB | -0.17 | [-0.19, -0.15] | -0.16 | [-0.21, -0.11] | 0.02 | [-0.03, 0.06] |
POQ→NE→JP - POQ→PS→JP | Path POQ→NE ×Path NE→JP - Path POQ→PS ×Path PS→JP | -0.31 | [-0.33, -0.29] | -0.16 | [-0.2, -0.11] | -0.24 | [-0.29, -0.19] |
总效应 | |||||||
POQ→NB + POQ→NE→NB + POQ→PS→NB | Path POQ→NB + Path POQ→NE ×Path NE→NB + Path POQ→PS ×Path PS→NB | 0.32 | [0.30, 0.34] | 0.32 | [0.27, 0.37] | 0.31 | [0.27, 0.35] |
POQ→PB + POQ→NE→PB + POQ→PS→PB | Path POQ→PB + Path POQ→NE ×Path NE→PB + Path POQ→PS ×Path PS→PB | -0.07 | [-0.10, -0.03] | -0.02 | [-0.08, 0.04] | -0.23 | [-0.28, -0.17] |
POQ→JP + POQ→NE→JP + POQ→PS→JP | Path POQ→JP + Path POQ→NE ×Path NE→JP + Path POQ→PS ×Path PS→JP | 0.02 | [-0.01, 0.05] | 0.06 | [-0.01, 0.13] | -0.05 | [-0.11, 0.00] |
Table 3 The indirect effect of emotions and cognitions
Types of effects and paths | Calculation methods | All data | Data from the high collectivistic context | Data from the low collectivistic context | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | ||
The indirect effects of emotions | |||||||
POQ→NE→NB | Path POQ→NE ×Path NE→NB | 0.12 | [0.11, 0.13] | 0.11 | [0.09, 0.13] | 0.15 | [0.13, 0.18] |
POQ→NE→PB | Path POQ→NE ×Path NE→PB | -0.14 | [-0.16, -0.12] | -0.09 | [-0.13, -0.07] | -0.09 | [-0.13, -0.05] |
POQ→NE→JP | Path POQ→NE ×Path NE→JP | -0.29 | [-0.31, -0.27] | -0.11 | [-0.14, -0.08] | -0.35 | [-0.4, -0.31] |
The indirect effects of cognitions | |||||||
POQ→PS→NB | Path POQ→PS ×Path PS→NB | -0.01 | [-0.02, -0.01] | -0.04 | [-0.07, -0.01] | 0.06 | [0.04, 0.07] |
POQ→PS→PB | Path POQ→PS ×Path PS→PB | 0.03 | [0.01, 0.05] | 0.06 | [0.02, 0.11] | -0.10 | [-0.13, -0.08] |
POQ→PS→JP | Path POQ→PS ×Path PS→JP | 0.02 | [0.01, 0.03] | 0.05 | [0.02, 0.09] | -0.11 | [-0.14, -0.09] |
The diffences between the indirect effects of emotions and the indirect effects of cognitions | |||||||
POQ→NE→NB - POQ→PS→NB | Path POQ→NE ×Path NE→NB - Path POQ→PS ×Path PS→NB | 0.13 | [0.12, 0.15] | 0.15 | [0.11, 0.18] | 0.09 | [0.06, 0.12] |
POQ→NE→PB - POQ→PS→PB | Path POQ→NE ×Path NE→PB - Path POQ→PS ×Path PS→PB | -0.17 | [-0.19, -0.15] | -0.16 | [-0.21, -0.11] | 0.02 | [-0.03, 0.06] |
POQ→NE→JP - POQ→PS→JP | Path POQ→NE ×Path NE→JP - Path POQ→PS ×Path PS→JP | -0.31 | [-0.33, -0.29] | -0.16 | [-0.2, -0.11] | -0.24 | [-0.29, -0.19] |
总效应 | |||||||
POQ→NB + POQ→NE→NB + POQ→PS→NB | Path POQ→NB + Path POQ→NE ×Path NE→NB + Path POQ→PS ×Path PS→NB | 0.32 | [0.30, 0.34] | 0.32 | [0.27, 0.37] | 0.31 | [0.27, 0.35] |
POQ→PB + POQ→NE→PB + POQ→PS→PB | Path POQ→PB + Path POQ→NE ×Path NE→PB + Path POQ→PS ×Path PS→PB | -0.07 | [-0.10, -0.03] | -0.02 | [-0.08, 0.04] | -0.23 | [-0.28, -0.17] |
POQ→JP + POQ→NE→JP + POQ→PS→JP | Path POQ→JP + Path POQ→NE ×Path NE→JP + Path POQ→PS ×Path PS→JP | 0.02 | [-0.01, 0.05] | 0.06 | [-0.01, 0.13] | -0.05 | [-0.11, 0.00] |
Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 |
---|---|---|---|
1. POQ | |||
2. P-J fit | (-0.44, -0.48) | ||
3. P-O fit | (-0.05, -0.06) | (0.68, 0.68) | |
4. CWB | (0.19, 0.22) | (-0.56, -0.72) | (-0.22, -0.26) |
5. Turnover | (0.36, 0.40) | (-0.39, -0.39) | (-0.37, -0.37) |
6. Creativity | (0.04, 0.06) | (0.49, 0.63) | (0.52, 0.58) |
7. OCB | (-0.10, -0.12) | (0.51, 0.60) | (0.43, 0.49) |
8. Task performance | (0.03, 0.03) | (0.29, 0.29) | (0.20, 0.20) |
9. Job satisfaction | (-0.29, -0.33) | (0.60, 0.60) | (0.47, 0.47) |
10. Organizational commitment | (-0.29, -0.34) | (0.52, 0.52) | (0.68, 0.68) |
11. Strain | (0.22, 0.25) | (-0.23, -0.23) | (-0.22, -0.22) |
Table 4 The correlation matrix between POQ, P-J fit, P-O fit, and outcome variables
Variable | 1 | 2 | 3 |
---|---|---|---|
1. POQ | |||
2. P-J fit | (-0.44, -0.48) | ||
3. P-O fit | (-0.05, -0.06) | (0.68, 0.68) | |
4. CWB | (0.19, 0.22) | (-0.56, -0.72) | (-0.22, -0.26) |
5. Turnover | (0.36, 0.40) | (-0.39, -0.39) | (-0.37, -0.37) |
6. Creativity | (0.04, 0.06) | (0.49, 0.63) | (0.52, 0.58) |
7. OCB | (-0.10, -0.12) | (0.51, 0.60) | (0.43, 0.49) |
8. Task performance | (0.03, 0.03) | (0.29, 0.29) | (0.20, 0.20) |
9. Job satisfaction | (-0.29, -0.33) | (0.60, 0.60) | (0.47, 0.47) |
10. Organizational commitment | (-0.29, -0.34) | (0.52, 0.52) | (0.68, 0.68) |
11. Strain | (0.22, 0.25) | (-0.23, -0.23) | (-0.22, -0.22) |
Variable | Job Satisfaction | Organizational commitment | Strain | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W | %R | W | %R | W | %R | |
POQ | 0.06 | 16.10 | 0.09 | 16.10 | 0.05 | 49.11 |
P-J fit | 0.20 | 52.13 | 0.10 | 18.38 | 0.02 | 17.01 |
P-O fit | 0.12 | 31.77 | 0.37 | 65.53 | 0.04 | 33.88 |
R2 | 0.38 | 0.57 | 0.11 |
Table 5 Relative weight analysis of attitudes
Variable | Job Satisfaction | Organizational commitment | Strain | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W | %R | W | %R | W | %R | |
POQ | 0.06 | 16.10 | 0.09 | 16.10 | 0.05 | 49.11 |
P-J fit | 0.20 | 52.13 | 0.10 | 18.38 | 0.02 | 17.01 |
P-O fit | 0.12 | 31.77 | 0.37 | 65.53 | 0.04 | 33.88 |
R2 | 0.38 | 0.57 | 0.11 |
Variable | CWB | Turnover | Creativity | OCB | Task performance | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W | %R | W | %R | W | %R | W | %R | W | %R | |
POQ | 0.05 | 6.91 | 0.13 | 46.09 | 0.07 | 12.84 | 0.02 | 5.44 | 0.02 | 16.12 |
P-J fit | 0.55 | 78.41 | 0.05 | 18.82 | 0.32 | 57.07 | 0.25 | 63.81 | 0.09 | 67.67 |
P-O fit | 0.10 | 14.68 | 0.10 | 35.09 | 0.17 | 30.09 | 0.12 | 30.76 | 0.02 | 16.22 |
R2 | 0.71 | 0.28 | 0.57 | 0.40 | 0.13 |
Table 6 Relative weight analysis of performance
Variable | CWB | Turnover | Creativity | OCB | Task performance | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W | %R | W | %R | W | %R | W | %R | W | %R | |
POQ | 0.05 | 6.91 | 0.13 | 46.09 | 0.07 | 12.84 | 0.02 | 5.44 | 0.02 | 16.12 |
P-J fit | 0.55 | 78.41 | 0.05 | 18.82 | 0.32 | 57.07 | 0.25 | 63.81 | 0.09 | 67.67 |
P-O fit | 0.10 | 14.68 | 0.10 | 35.09 | 0.17 | 30.09 | 0.12 | 30.76 | 0.02 | 16.22 |
R2 | 0.71 | 0.28 | 0.57 | 0.40 | 0.13 |
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