Abstract: In an educational experiment, the authors studied the following problems:1) The relationship between children's sense of duty in school work and their achievement scores.2) The relationship between motivation and habitual behaviour in the psychological structure of the sense of duty in school work.3) The role of explanation, demonstration, supervision and children's self-evaluation in the formation of the sense of duty in school work.4) The transference of the sense of duty in school work to other activities and the development of moral traits in the sense of duty in general among children.

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