Abstract: This paper used cogitive tests, anthropological literature and field investigations to study 460 Chinese adults'cognitive operations, cognitive styles,and the relationships with eco-cultural factors. A 8×2×3 ( 8 subsistence strategies: agricultural, irrigation, fishing, hunting, forest industrial, city industrial, and trading/man and woman/18- 34 years of age, 35-49 years of age, and above 50 years) ANOVA with covariable(the influences of modernization)revealed significant covariable effect and main effect of subsistence strategy, sex and age in the analysis operation, significant covar-effect and main effects of subsistence strategy and age in the connection operation, significant covareffect and main effects of subsistence strategy in cognitive style. A regression (stepwise) revealed that ecology, subsistence style, social structural tightness, socialization emphases (compliance-assertion),and the influences of modernization are valid factors of predicting sample'cognitive operations and styles. This research result supported the eco-cultural model of cognitive operations and styles.

Key words: cognitive operations, cognitive styles, eco-cultural factors, cognitive test