Abstract: Brain activity is regulated by gene expression, and altered gene expression can reflect the transformed brain state. With the development of brain imaging genomics, it is now possible to detect genomic changes associated with brain structure and function, combined with the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcriptome analysis across cortical regions. At present, this research approach has been gradually applied to neuropsychiatric diseases, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD), to explore the relationship between gene expression and brain activity, and to provide physiological evidence of molecular regulation for the research of the pathogenesis of ASD. This paper has summarized and analyzed the recent researches in this field, emphasizing the important function of several important genes related to brain activity in the pathogenesis of ASD, in order to provide physiological reference for the analysis of brain activity changes, the exploration of pathogenesis and the development of clinical treatment strategies of ASD patients.