视觉物体表征加工中背-腹通路的相互作用

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2025.LS.00134

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视觉物体表征加工中背-腹通路的相互作用

高飞, 蔡厚德

山东师范大学心理学院, 山东 250358 中国
南京师范大学心理学院, 江苏中国

收稿日期:2025-03-28 修回日期:2025-10-24 接受日期:2025-11-26
基金资助:
山东省社会科学规划研究项目(19CSZJ35); 山东省社会科学普及应用研究项目(2020-SKZZ-01)

The interaction between the dorsal and ventral pathways in the processing of visual object representations

GAO Fei, CAI Houde

School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University 250358, China
School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University , China

Received:2025-03-28 Revised:2025-10-24 Accepted:2025-11-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 大脑的视觉系统通过背侧与腹侧通路加工物体的视觉信息。腹侧通路主要负责“是什么”(what)的物体视觉识别加工，背侧通路主要负责“在哪里”(where)的物体视空间与运动加工。但是，背-腹通路存在多重交互的神经连接，提示视觉物体表征加工中存在两者的功能相互作用。一方面，腹侧通路并不能单独计算物体的整体形状，背侧通路对物体整体形状的表征信息有必要与腹侧通路表征的物体局部特征信息汇合，以支持不变性的物体视觉信息加工；另一方面，在目标导向的思想和行为中，背侧通路需要实时提取和保持来自腹侧通路的物体视觉信息，以实现适应性的物体视觉信息加工。前者是一种主要受特征驱动（自下而上）的功能整合，而后者是一种主要受任务驱动（自上而下）的功能整合。今后还需深入研究注意对背侧通路表征物体整体形状的影响、物体熟悉性调节整体形状与局部特征整合的机制、视觉工作记忆如何抵抗干扰以保持对目标导向刺激的加工机制、内生记忆信息对适应性视觉物体表征的影响，以及背-腹通路的发育机制及其对两者相互作用的影响等。

关键词: 视觉物体表征, 背-腹通路的相互作用, 不变性的物体视觉信息加工, 适应性的物体视觉信息加工

Abstract: The visual system of the brain processes object-related visual information through the dorsal and ventral pathways. The ventral pathway is primarily responsible for object recognition processing(‘what’), while the dorsal pathway mainly handles visuospatial and motion processing of objects(‘where’). However, the dorsal and ventral pathways exhibit extensive reciprocal neural connections, indicating functional interplay between these two systems during object representation processing. On one hand, the ventral pathway cannot independently compute the global shape of objects; the integration of the dorsal pathway's representation of global shape with the ventral pathway's local feature information is necessary to support invariant visual information processing of objects. On the other hand, during goal-directed cognition and behavior, the dorsal pathway requires real-time extraction and maintenance of object visual information from the ventral pathway to achieve adaptive visual information processing of objects. The former is mainly a feature-driven (bottom-up) functional integration, whereas the latter is primarily a task-driven (top-down) functional integration. Future research should further investigate: (1) how attention modulates the dorsal pathway's representation of global object shape; (2) the mechanisms through which object familiarity regulates the integration of global shape and local features; (3) how visual working memory resists interference to maintain processing of goal-relevant stimuli; (4) the impact of endogenous memory information on adaptive visual object representations; and (5) the developmental mechanisms of dorsal-ventral pathways and their influence on their functional interactions.

Key words: visual object representation, interaction between the dorsal and ventral pathways, invariant visual information processing of objects, adaptive visual information processing of objects

高飞, 蔡厚德. 视觉物体表征加工中背-腹通路的相互作用. 心理科学进展 , doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2025.LS.00134.

GAO Fei, CAI Houde. The interaction between the dorsal and ventral pathways in the processing of visual object representations. Advances in Psychological Science, doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1042.2025.LS.00134.