依恋相关情景模拟对成人依恋安全感的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2024.00014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

依恋的可塑性是成人依恋领域研究的重要主题, 而探究依恋的可塑性首先需要了解依恋安全感是如何获得的。依恋控制系统模型指出, 个体可以通过内部表征的方式通达依恋安全感。现有研究中常常将安全基地脚本作为这种内部表征方式, 但忽视了另一种内部表征形式, 即依恋相关情景模拟。先前有几项研究提出并证实了依恋相关情景模拟这一新的依恋安全感通达路径, 但尚未回答：这一新的通达路径与已有路径相比有何特异性?其作用机制是什么?以及如何基于此进行特质依恋安全干预?本课题将通过3项研究来对这些问题进行考察：研究1考察依恋相关情景模拟对依恋安全感的影响及其特异性; 研究2从依恋相关情景模拟的内容和加工过程的角度考察其对依恋安全感的影响机制; 研究3采用自然语言处理技术开发依恋相关情景模拟分类方法, 并将其用于特质依恋安全干预。本课题将补充依恋控制系统模型的内容, 能够解释依恋系统的情境灵活性, 并为理解依恋的可塑性及进行依恋安全的干预带来启发。

关键词: 成人依恋, 情景模拟, 依恋控制系统模型, 依恋安全感, 内部工作模式

Abstract:

Considering the positive effect of secure attachment on relationships and well-being, the plasticity of attachment is an important research topic in the field of adult attachment. To explore the plasticity of attachment, we first need to understand how individuals attain attachment security. The control-system model of attachment posits that the way for individuals to attain security is to access the internal representation of attachment. Previous research only concentrated on accessing the secure-base script, which is a kind of internal representation including a series of procedural knowledge that summarizes the basic features of receiving support from an attachment figure, to attain attachment security. However, the function of attachment-relevant episodic simulation is overlooked during this process. Attachment-relevant episodic simulation refers to mentally simulating a series of future episodes regarding successfully support seeking and receiving support during distressful situations. Inspired by the research on episodic simulation, our previous research proposed and confirmed that attachment-relevant episodic simulation could also act as a way to attain security in the control-system model of attachment. However several research questions remain unsolved. What’s the uniqueness of the attachment-relevant episodic simulation when acting as a way to attain attachment security? What’s the mechanism of this effect? And how to conduct attachment intervention inspired by this new route. This research proposal will solve these questions through three studies.

First, Study 1 will investigate the effect of attachment-relevant episodic simulation on adult attachment security and its uniqueness. We will compare the attachment-relevant episodic simulation with other ways of attaining security in their frequency of use, effect, and to what extent affected by attachment orientations during daily life. Besides, study 1 also wants to explore in which situation individuals will depend more on attachment-relevant episodic simulation to attain attachment security.

Second, Study 2 will investigate the mechanism of this effect from the content and the cognitive process of attachment-relevant episodic simulation. Four experiments will be conducted to compare the effect of attachment-relevant episodic simulation with attachment-relevant semantic thinking, attachment-irrelevant episodic simulation, positive emotion induction, and attachment-relevant episodic simulation of unrelated situations. Another two experiments will use the episodic specificity induction and episodic coherence induction to manipulate the specificity of episodic retrieval and the coherence of episodic construction of attachment-relevant episodic simulation, then find their effect on attachment security.

Third, based on the results of Study 2, Study 3 will use the natural language processing technique to develop several classifiers to classify the attachment-relevant episodic simulation. We developed a training procedure by using these classifiers. Firstly, we will ask participants to provide their daily distressful events and simulate attachment-relevant episodes one by one. After each simulation, the classifiers will be used to identify whether this simulation could help individuals to attain security or not, if not, then judge whether the invalid simulations derived from their content, specificity of episodic retrieval, or the coherence of episodic construction. After that, the feedback and training will be given to participants accordingly. With this training procedure, study 3 also wants to compare the short-term and long-term effect of this procedure with the repeated attachment priming method on trait attachment security.

All in all, the current research project will provide a supplement for the attachment control-system model. Specifically, in addition to the secure base script, we proposed that attachment-relevant episodic simulation also could act as a way to attain attachment security. The results of the current project will investigate this proposition repeatedly and could learn the uniqueness and mechanism of this new path to attain security. This new path could provide an explanation for the situational flexibility of the attachment system on the one hand, and benefit for learning the plasticity of attachment and promoting trait attachment security on the other hand.

Key words: adult attachment, episodic simulation, control-system model of attachment, attachment security, internal working models

中图分类号:

B844

曹贤才, 王大华, 白学军. (2024). 依恋相关情景模拟对成人依恋安全感的影响. 心理科学进展 , 32(1), 14-26.

CAO Xiancai, WANG Dahua, BAI Xuejun. (2024). Effect of attachment-relevant episodic simulation on adult attachment security. Advances in Psychological Science, 32(1), 14-26.

图/表 5

图1 依恋的控制系统模型

图2 依恋安全感获得路径示意图

图3 拓展的依恋安全感获得路径示意图

图4 依恋个体差异影响依恋安全感通达路径示意图

图5 基于依恋相关情景模拟分类的依恋安全干预方法示意图

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