Abstract: Risk-taking behavior is the individual will of facing the risk. It is a special type of decision-making. There are 3 aspects affect children’s risks taking behavior: the individual characteristics, family factors and social-situation factors. For individual factors, the child’s gender and age will affect their risk perception, the estimated risk of injury and the consequences of the acts attributed; cognitive decision-making capacity and the emotional-based factors may have an impact on the children’s judgment of the dangerous situation. For family factors, children’s parents, sisters and brothers have great impact on the children’s risk-taking behavior. The attitude and response of parents will affect the children’s participation of risk-taking behavior. As well as, the children’s sibling play very important role in their risk decision-making. From the perspective of the social-situation factors, the risk situation would put pressure on the children’s risky decision-making. The presence of peers will enhance the inclination of the children to participate in risk behavior. Comprehensive analysis of various factors of risk-taking behavior and its mechanisms, which are great significance for propose the reasonable interventions methods to reduce children’s accidental injury which is caused by risk-taking behavior.

Key words: children, risk taking behavior, risk situation