语言能力的老化机制:语言特异性与非特异性因素的共同作用
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吴翰林, 于宙, 王雪娇, 张清芳
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Language processing in normal aging: Contributions of information-universal and information-specific factors
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WU Hanlin, YU Zhou, WANG Xuejiao, ZHANG Qingfang
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表6 一般认知能力和语言产生能力对词汇理解、句子理解和语篇理解任务得分组间差异的分层回归分析[B (SE)]
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任 务 | 预测变量 | 模型 1 | 模型 2 | 模型 3 | 步骤 1 | 步骤 2 | 步骤 1 | 步骤 2 | 步骤 1 | 步骤 2 | 词 汇 理 解 | 性别 | 0.031 (0.137) | 0.145 (0.125) | 0.160 (0.125) | 0.184 (0.123) | 0.116 (0.122) | 0.124 (0.123) | 受教育年限 | 0.287 (0.067)*** | 0.069 (0.068) | 0.078 (0.066) | 0.022 (0.067) | -0.007 (0.066) | -0.011 (0.067) | (组别) | | -0.951 (0.136)*** | | | | | 数字判断 | | | 0.106 (0.089) | 0.105 (0.087) | 0.080 (0.086) | 0.083 (0.086) | 颜色判断 | | | 0.232 (0.089)* | 0.177 (0.089)* | 0.156 (0.087) | 0.151 (0.088) | 数字广度正背 | | | 0.093 (0.087) | 0.047 (0.087) | 0.010 (0.087) | 0.007 (0.087) | 数字广度倒背 | | | 0.203 (0.090)* | 0.089 (0.095) | 0.097 (0.092) | 0.083 (0.095) | STROOP | | | -0.025 (0.064) | -0.042 (0.063) | -0.042 (0.062) | -0.044 (0.062) | (组别) | | | | -0.568 (0.180)** | | | 词汇产生 | | | | | 0.344 (0.089)*** | 0.314 (0.103)** | 句子产生 | | | | | -0.021 (0.071) | -0.024 (0.071) | 语篇产生 | | | | | 0.080 (0.079) | 0.069 (0.082) | 组别 | | | | | | -0.129 (0.225) | | R2 = 0.082*** | ΔR2 = 0.175*** | R2 = 0.282*** | ΔR2 = 0.034** | R2 = 0.351*** | ΔR2 = 0.001 | | | | | | ΔΔR2 = 0.141 | | ΔΔR2 = 0.033 | 句 子 理 解 | 性别 | -0.009 (0.133) | 0.162 (0.099) | 0.138 (0.112) | 0.186 (0.099) | 0.117 (0.101) | 0.160 (0.098) | 受教育年限 | 0.371 (0.065)*** | 0.043 (0.054) | 0.140 (0.059)* | 0.029 (0.054) | 0.019 (0.055) | -0.004 (0.053) | (组别) | | -1.426 (0.108)*** | | | | | 数字判断 | | | -0.016 (0.080) | -0.017 (0.070) | -0.061 (0.071) | -0.045 (0.069) | 颜色判断 | | | 0.237 (0.080)** | 0.129 (0.072) | 0.127 (0.072) | 0.102 (0.07) | 数字广度正背 | | | 0.118 (0.078) | 0.027 (0.070) | 0.027 (0.072) | 0.009 (0.069) | 数字广度倒背 | | | 0.331 (0.081)*** | 0.106 (0.077) | 0.155 (0.076)* | 0.080 (0.076) | STROOP | | | 0.083 (0.057) | 0.05 (0.051) | 0.061 (0.051) | 0.049 (0.049) | (组别) | | | | -1.122 (0.145)*** | | | 词汇产生 | | | | | 0.375 (0.074)*** | 0.213 (0.082)* | 句子产生 | | | | | 0.054 (0.058) | 0.040 (0.057) | 语篇产生 | | | | | 0.196 (0.066)** | 0.134 (0.065)* | 组别 | | | | | | -0.705 (0.179)*** | | R2 = 0.138*** | ΔR2 = 0.393*** | R2 = 0.424*** | ΔR2 = 0.132*** | R2 = 0.554*** | ΔR2 = 0.032*** | | | | | | ΔΔR2 = 0.261 | | ΔΔR2 = 0.099 | 语 篇 理 解 | 性别 | -0.130 (0.129) | 0.026 (0.101) | -0.012 (0.110) | 0.030 (0.100) | -0.041 (0.105) | 0.011 (0.101) | 受教育年限 | 0.427 (0.063)*** | 0.129 (0.055)* | 0.204 (0.058)*** | 0.107 (0.055) | 0.126 (0.057)* | 0.099 (0.055) | (组别) | | -1.298 (0.110)*** | | | | | 数字判断 | | | 0.093 (0.078) | 0.093 (0.071) | 0.055 (0.074) | 0.074 (0.070) | 颜色判断 | | | 0.130 (0.078) | 0.036 (0.072) | 0.054 (0.075) | 0.024 (0.072) | 数字广度正背 | | | 0.050 (0.076) | -0.030 (0.070) | -0.004 (0.074) | -0.025 (0.071) | 数字广度倒背 | | | 0.385 (0.079)*** | 0.189 (0.078)* | 0.287 (0.079)*** | 0.197 (0.078)* | STROOP | | | 0.027 (0.056) | -0.002 (0.051) | 0.021 (0.053) | 0.007 (0.051) | (组别) | | | | -0.975 (0.147)*** | | | 词汇产生 | | | | | 0.252 (0.076)** | 0.058 (0.084) | 句子产生 | | | | | -0.113 (0.061) | -0.130 (0.058)* | 语篇产生 | | | | | 0.219 (0.068)** | 0.145 (0.067)* | 组别 | | | | | | -0.843 (0.184)*** | | R2 = 0.190*** | ΔR2 = 0.326*** | R2 = 0.447*** | ΔR2 = 0.099*** | R2 = 0.519*** | ΔR2 = 0.046*** | | | | | | ΔΔR2 = 0.226 | | ΔΔR2 = 0.053 |
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