语言能力的老化机制:语言特异性与非特异性因素的共同作用
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吴翰林, 于宙, 王雪娇, 张清芳
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Language processing in normal aging: Contributions of information-universal and information-specific factors
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WU Hanlin, YU Zhou, WANG Xuejiao, ZHANG Qingfang
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表4 一般认知能力和语言理解能力对词汇产生、句子产生和语篇产生任务得分的分层回归分析[B (SE)]
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任务 | 预测变量 | 青年组 | 老年组 | 步骤 1 | 步骤 2 | 步骤 3 | 步骤 1 | 步骤 2 | 步骤 3 | 词汇产生 | 性别 | 0.335 (0.138)* | 0.362 (0.136)** | 0.225 (0.132) | 0.018 (0.104) | 0.040 (0.103) | 0.000 (0.101) | 年龄 | 0.774 (1.587) | 0.784 (1.538) | 0.361 (1.458) | 0.093 (0.211) | 0.112 (0.211) | 0.106 (0.206) | 受教育年限 | 0.053 (0.226) | 0.045 (0.221) | 0.126 (0.210) | 0.098 (0.047)* | 0.060 (0.048) | 0.052 (0.048) | 数字判断 | | 0.131 (0.112) | -0.025 (0.114) | | -0.027 (0.065) | -0.044 (0.066) | 颜色判断 | | 0.072 (0.113) | 0.066 (0.108) | | 0.075 (0.067) | 0.050 (0.068) | 数字广度正背 | | 0.182 (0.103) | 0.182 (0.097) | | 0.130 (0.066) | 0.123 (0.065) | 数字广度倒背 | | -0.100 (0.100) | -0.114 (0.095) | | 0.082 (0.084) | 0.045 (0.084) | STROOP | | 0.112 (0.083) | 0.036 (0.081) | | -0.019 (0.045) | -0.006 (0.044) | 词汇理解 | | | 0.401 (0.190)* | | | 0.119 (0.042)** | 句子理解 | | | 0.32 (0.102)** | | | 0.002 (0.068) | 语篇理解 | | | 0.001 (0.090) | | | 0.037 (0.072) | | | R2 = 0.084* | ΔR2 = 0.113* | ΔR2 = 0.118** | R2 = 0.041 | ΔR2 = 0.090 | ΔR2 = 0.073* | 句子产生 | 性别 | -0.201 (0.173) | -0.276 (0.177) | -0.317 (0.176) | -0.059 (0.179) | -0.015 (0.177) | -0.005 (0.179) | 年龄 | 0.383 (1.990) | 0.428 (2.010) | 0.467 (1.944) | -0.212 (0.363) | -0.127 (0.363) | -0.075 (0.367) | 受教育年限 | -0.196 (0.284) | -0.252 (0.289) | -0.255 (0.279) | 0.163 (0.081)* | 0.119 (0.082) | 0.116 (0.085) | 数字判断 | | 0.246 (0.146) | 0.223 (0.152) | | -0.028 (0.112) | -0.001 (0.118) | 颜色判断 | | -0.243 (0.148) | -0.246 (0.145) | | 0.138 (0.116) | 0.098 (0.120) | 数字广度正背 | | -0.117 (0.135) | -0.154 (0.130) | | -0.010 (0.114) | -0.011 (0.115) | 数字广度倒背 | | 0.139 (0.130) | 0.200 (0.127) | | 0.335 (0.145)* | 0.328 (0.149)* | STROOP | | 0.014 (0.109) | 0.027 (0.108) | | 0.070 (0.078) | 0.066 (0.079) | 词汇理解 | | | 0.036 (0.253) | | | -0.015 (0.074) | 句子理解 | | | 0.138 (0.137) | | | 0.168 (0.120) | 语篇理解 | | | -0.403 (0.120)** | | | 0.003 (0.128) | | | R2 = 0.032 | ΔR2 = 0.046 | ΔR2 = 0.104* | R2 = 0.047 | ΔR2 = 0.091 | ΔR2 = 0.018 | 语篇产生 | 性别 | 0.215 (0.089)* | 0.188 (0.090)* | 0.187 (0.093)* | -0.408 (0.198)* | -0.358 (0.194) | -0.387 (0.190)* | 年龄 | 1.049 (1.026) | 1.248 (1.015) | 1.492 (1.023) | -0.296 (0.400) | -0.261 (0.399) | -0.188 (0.389) | 受教育年限 | -0.237 (0.146) | -0.299 (0.146)* | -0.333 (0.147)* | 0.170 (0.089) | 0.131 (0.090) | 0.091 (0.090) | 数字判断 | | 0.107 (0.074) | 0.142 (0.080) | | 0.216 (0.123) | 0.210 (0.125) | 颜色判断 | | -0.004 (0.075) | 0.021 (0.076) | | 0.084 (0.127) | -0.001 (0.128) | 数字广度正背 | | -0.166 (0.068)* | -0.175 (0.068)* | | -0.071 (0.125) | -0.075 (0.122) | 数字广度倒背 | | 0.087 (0.066) | 0.082 (0.067) | | 0.215 (0.159) | 0.136 (0.158) | STROOP | | -0.056 (0.055) | -0.040 (0.057) | | -0.010 (0.085) | 0.004 (0.083) | 词汇理解 | | | -0.214 (0.133) | | | 0.076 (0.078) | 句子理解 | | | 0.056 (0.072) | | | 0.257 (0.128)* | 语篇理解 | | | -0.045 (0.063) | | | 0.210 (0.135) | | | R2 = 0.077* | ΔR2 = 0.079 | ΔR2 = 0.031 | R2 = 0.081* | ΔR2 = 0.091 | ΔR2 = 0.073* |
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