语言能力的老化机制:语言特异性与非特异性因素的共同作用
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吴翰林, 于宙, 王雪娇, 张清芳
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Language processing in normal aging: Contributions of information-universal and information-specific factors
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WU Hanlin, YU Zhou, WANG Xuejiao, ZHANG Qingfang
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表3 一般认知能力和语言产生能力对词汇理解、句子理解和语篇理解任务得分的分层回归分析[B (SE)]
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任务 | 预测变量 | 青年组 | 老年组 | 步骤 1 | 步骤 2 | 步骤 3 | 步骤 1 | 步骤 2 | 步骤 3 | 词汇理解 | 性别 | 0.073 (0.084) | 0.078 (0.069) | 0.057 (0.071) | 0.253 (0.244) | 0.322 (0.243) | 0.345 (0.239) | 年龄 | 0.746 (0.963) | 1.092 (0.787) | 1.220 (0.759) | 0.036 (0.494) | 0.062 (0.499) | 0.010 (0.484) | 受教育年限 | -0.085 (0.137) | -0.163 (0.113) | -0.232 (0.111)* | 0.099 (0.110) | 0.021 (0.113) | -0.026 (0.111) | 数字判断 | | 0.214 (0.057)*** | 0.216 (0.056)*** | | 0.086 (0.154) | 0.070 (0.152) | 颜色判断 | | 0.096 (0.058) | 0.083 (0.056) | | 0.189 (0.159) | 0.142 (0.155) | 数字广度正背 | | -0.019 (0.053) | -0.082 (0.054) | | 0.055 (0.157) | -0.023 (0.155) | 数字广度倒背 | | -0.036 (0.051) | -0.002 (0.050) | | 0.247 (0.199) | 0.197 (0.198) | STROOP | | 0.092 (0.043)* | 0.063 (0.042) | | -0.095 (0.107) | -0.073 (0.104) | 词汇产生 | | | 0.160 (0.054)** | | | 0.677 (0.233)** | 句子产生 | | | -0.004 (0.039) | | | -0.109 (0.138) | 语篇产生 | | | -0.202 (0.081)* | | | 0.144 (0.125) | | | R2 = 0.012 | ΔR2 = 0.372*** | ΔR2 = 0.071* | R2 = 0.017 | ΔR2 = 0.072 | ΔR2 = 0.088* | 句子理解 | 性别 | 0.366 (0.133)** | 0.331 (0.13)* | 0.226 (0.134) | -0.086 (0.151) | -0.034 (0.151) | 0.026 (0.151) | 年龄 | -0.140 (1.527) | -0.047 (1.478) | -0.213 (1.43) | -0.436 (0.305) | -0.301 (0.310) | -0.249 (0.306) | 受教育年限 | -0.018 (0.218) | -0.050 (0.212) | -0.087 (0.210) | 0.051 (0.068) | 0.017 (0.070) | -0.014 (0.070) | 数字判断 | | 0.220 (0.107)* | 0.185 (0.106) | | -0.156 (0.096) | -0.190 (0.096) | 颜色判断 | | -0.10 (0.109) | -0.125 (0.106) | | 0.252 (0.099)* | 0.227 (0.098)* | 数字广度正背 | | 0.023 (0.099) | -0.048 (0.102) | | 0.008 (0.097) | 0.020 (0.098) | 数字广度倒背 | | 0.086 (0.096) | 0.126 (0.094) | | 0.062 (0.124) | 0.000 (0.125) | STROOP | | 0.121 (0.080) | 0.081 (0.079) | | 0.017 (0.066) | 0.013 (0.066) | 词汇产生 | | | 0.327 (0.101)** | | | 0.003 (0.148) | 句子产生 | | | -0.001 (0.074) | | | 0.079 (0.088) | 语篇产生 | | | -0.073 (0.153) | | | 0.164 (0.079)* | | | R2 = 0.076* | ΔR2 = 0.116* | ΔR2 = 0.087* | R2 = 0.030 | ΔR2 = 0.065 | ΔR2 = 0.056 | 语篇理解 | 性别 | 0.049 (0.145) | 0.019 (0.149) | -0.095 (0.152) | 0.030 (0.146) | 0.064 (0.142) | 0.110 (0.144) | 年龄 | 0.018 (1.666) | 0.179 (1.684) | 0.308 (1.618) | 0.023 (0.296) | -0.001 (0.291) | 0.023 (0.291) | 受教育年限 | -0.034 (0.237) | -0.038 (0.242) | -0.147 (0.237) | 0.200 (0.066)** | 0.158 (0.066)* | 0.138 (0.067)* | 数字判断 | | 0.037 (0.122) | 0.097 (0.120) | | 0.188 (0.090)* | 0.159 (0.091) | 颜色判断 | | -0.034 (0.124) | -0.114 (0.120) | | 0.027 (0.093) | 0.013 (0.093) | 数字广度正背 | | -0.085 (0.113) | -0.163 (0.115) | | -0.008 (0.091) | -0.008 (0.093) | 数字广度倒背 | | 0.177 (0.109) | 0.240 (0.107)* | | 0.209 (0.116) | 0.181 (0.119) | STROOP | | 0.081 (0.091) | 0.062 (0.089) | | -0.050 (0.062) | -0.046 (0.062) | 词汇产生 | | | 0.155 (0.114) | | | 0.078 (0.140) | 句子产生 | | | -0.279 (0.084)** | | | -0.025 (0.083) | 语篇产生 | | | -0.106 (0.173) | | | 0.140 (0.075) | | | R2 = 0.002 | ΔR2 = 0.047 | ΔR2 = 0.115** | R2 = 0.084* | ΔR2 = 0.112* | ΔR2 = 0.032 |
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