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ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

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    25 March 1983, Volume 15 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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    THOUGHT PROCESSES IN SOLVING GEOMETRICAL PROBLEMS
    Zhu Xin-ming (I'nstitute of Psychology,Academia Sinica)
    1983, 15 (1):  11-20. 
    Abstract ( 556 )  
    In our experiment we collected protocols from subjects who were solvinggeometrical problem and analyzed them from the point of view of cognitivepsychology. The result shows that:correct and quick recognition of the patterns whichaccesses the necessary knowledge in permanent memory is the key in solvinggeometrical problems. The difference between the students with more experience and those withless experience is that the former recognized patterns more quickly andcorrectly than the latter whose activity showed more trial and error approaches;the former could,in some cases,keep away from interferences,while thelatter suffered from them easily;the former were able to combine variousrelated information for their reasoning while the latter utilized the informa-tion in isolation;the former could trade-off between backward and forwardsearches,while the latter were poor at using backward search.
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    THE CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATION OF TESTS OF CREATIVE POTENTIALS IN THINKING
    Zhang De-xiu (Hunan Teackers'College)
    1983, 15 (1):  21-30. 
    Abstract ( 593 )  
    For exploring children's creative potentials in thinking,a battery oftests has recently been constructed with such subtests as association,genera-lization,reasoning,number series,mathematical comprehension,problem-solving,moral judgment,and so forth.All these tests involve both convergent anddivergent thinking;the former emphasizes mathematical questions and thelatter stresses the questions concerning self-expressions. These tests were repeatedly applied with different forms to 224 schoolchildren.The findings show high validity of the tests,as correlated with othermeasures.Several superior children have been discovered for their unusualthinking abilities,characterized by uniqueness,novelty,and originality;theyhave also demonstrated their adequate judgement on human behavior inaccordance with moral principles. Such cases will be continually studied for the purpose of cultivating theirtalents,based on scientific research,so that they will be able not only topromote the four modernizations of our Socialist China,but also to benefitmankind as a whole.
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    THE DEVELOPIENT OF CHILDREN'S COGNITION OF VELOCITY OF TWO MOVING LIGHT-SPOTS
    Fang Ge,Liu Fan (Institute of Psychology,Academia Sinica)
    1983, 15 (1):  61-71. 
    Abstract ( 884 )  
    The purpose of this study is to explore further the levels and characteris-tics of the development of children's cognition of velocity.The subjects were205 children from five to eleven years old divided into seven age groups,with28 or 30 in each.Individual test was adopted. Two light-spots moving simultaneously and uniformly at the same speedunder three experimental conditions were presented by an experimentalinstrument.The subjects were asked to make comparison of the velocities ofthe two moving light-spots.After each trial the child was asked to give thereason of his answer no matter whether it was correct or not. The results of this research indicate: 1. The tendency and characteristics of the development of children'scognition of velocity of two moving light-spots in this experiment is the sameas that of moving toy cars. 2. The differences between the present and the former experiment areas follows: a) Person-times that judged velocities according to the distance betweentwo light-spots increase with age from eight on. b) The superiority of spacial effects decreases in the case that childrencouldn't integrate spacial and temporal factors. 3. Some eider children actively finish the task successfully by useingvarious strateges.
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    A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON 4—6 YEAR OLD CHILDREN'S REPRESENTATION OF MOVING OBJECTS
    Fang Fu-xi (Institute of Psychology,Academia Sinica)
    1983, 15 (1):  72-81. 
    Abstract ( 585 )  
    In this experiment 4—6-yr old children were asked to represent themoving processes of horizontally moving,down-tilting and falling objects.We found that the representation of the moving objects had already occuredand developed in children of this age.Preschoolers not only paid attention tothe static status of the object,but also began to gradually understand theprocesses of motional transformation of the object.Training could acceleratethe occurrence and development of the motional representation,the effect oftraining increased with age.
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    RESEARCH ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITION OF SPACE IN 5—13 YEAR OLD CHILDREN
    Li Wen-fu,Liu Fan (Institute of Psychology,Academia Sinica)
    1983, 15 (1):  90-99. 
    Abstract ( 901 )  
    This is the continuation of the experimental research on the developmentof cognition of two kinds of space relation,The inner occupied area waschanged into circular form.The results indicate:In the discrimination ofchildren there is a transitional form from intuitional judgement to inferencejudgement.In the same discrimination the intuitional and inference activitiesare interlocked,thus the parts of occupied area conforms into a whole,butdiscrimination of the leftover areas is bound by intuition.Children canunderstand that equal amount subtract equal amount the remainder is equal,but children are not able to use this to solve the four types of problems.Soto pass these transitions,the children must be able to solve three connectedproblems,this again proves through discrimination of areas there exists thisKind of development,of cognition of space in children.
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    THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OPERATIONAL THINKING AND ACTION OPERATION
    Xu Shang-xia, (South China Teacher's Callege)
    1983, 15 (1):  100-107. 
    Abstract ( 646 )  
    The research is focused on the tests for the gymnasts of all levelsengaging in diverse sports and games with the aim at (1) the relationshipbetween operational thinking and action operation levels,(2) the relationshipbetween operational thinking and types of action operation,and (3) therelationship between operational thinking and assignment tasks. It comes to the conclusion that (A) Action operation levels vary with developments of operationalthinking,but this relationship has not been demonstrated until the differencesbetween action operation levels are exposed to a certain degree. (B) Operational thinking has a close link with types of action operationand the sharp differences in developmental level are noticed as the long-termtraining is going on for those sports events.Basketball players are moreperfectly developed in operational thinking and other respects and swimmersare the worst in this respect.As for wushu sportsmen,they are quick in theirmovements. (C) The differences in development of operational thinking are moresignificant in speed than in step for various action operation levels orcategories of sportsmen. (D) The development of operational thinking is closely correlated withassignment task.A more perfect development of operational thinking can bediscerned for those concerned about physical training than learners of othersubjects.
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    AMBIGUOUS FIGURES AND VISUAL PERCEPTION
    Chen Lin (Uriversity of Science and Technology of China) Wang Yun-jiu (Institute of Biophysics,Academia Sinica)
    1983, 15 (1):  108-112. 
    Abstract ( 687 )  
    Several ambiguous figures having different topological properties havebeen analysed in this paper.The results of the experiment shows that theambiguity of figures is related to topology of these figures.The mathematicalstructures underlying the visual information processing are proposed.
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    THE EFFECT OF VASOPRESSIN ON PROCESSES OF MEMORY CONSOLIDATION ——Ⅰ.The facilitating Effect of AVP on Processes of Memory Consolidation and the Change of Free Amino Acid in Rat Brain
    Xiao Xin-sheng,Wan Rui-qian,Du Kun-da (Division of Physiolosy,Department of Biology,Nanjing University)
    1983, 15 (1):  113-119. 
    Abstract ( 675 )  
    The effect that arginine-8-vasopressin(AVP) facilitates memory consolida-tion in rats and the change in contents of the fifteen free amino acids of thebrain are investigated. 1. A single subcutaneous injection of AVP (2μg/rat) 1 hour prior tothe third acquisition session significantly increases resistance to the extinctionof pole jumping avoidance response. 2. Following AVP treatment,the amount of GABA in both visualareas and hippocampi and that of isoleucine in the hippocampi are decreasedafter the third acquisition session.After the second extinction the differentchange was observed.The amount of threonine in both visual areas andhippocampi and that of glutamate in the hippocampi are lowered,whereas theamount of lysine in the two regions are elevated in comparison with control,but no change in GABA amount occurs. 3. The experimental result of electric stress response shows that theamount of GABA in the hippocampi and that of phenylalanine in the visualareas are lowered as compared to control.The lowered amount of asparticacid in the two regions is observed 1 hour after the administration of AVP,but no significant difference in contents of any free amino acids is presented48 hours after the administration of AVP.
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    THE EFFECT OF VASOPRESSIN ON PROCESSES OF MEMORY CONSOLIDATION ——Ⅱ.The Role of GABA in the Processes of Vasopressin Facilitation of Memory Consolidation
    Xiao Xin-sheng,Wan Rui-qian,Du Kun-da (Division of Physiology,Department of Biology,Nanjing University)
    1983, 15 (1):  120-123. 
    Abstract ( 587 )  
    The role of GABA in the processes of memory consolidation as facilitatedby arginine-8-vasopressin (AVP) is studied.The results show that thefacilitatory effect of AVP on consolidation of memory disappears whenpicrotoxin (0.5mg/kg) is injected i.p.immediately after the third acquisitionsession.An opposite result is obtained when AOAA (20mg/kg) is administeredinstead of picrotoxin. The observation suggests that GABA might be involved in the processesof memory consolidation which is facilitated by AVP.
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    EFFECTS OF LASER QUIDED INTO BRAJN BY OPTIC FIBER ON CONDITIONED AVOIDANCE RESPONSE OF RAT AND ON CONTENTS OF NEUROTRANSMITT ERS IN CORPUS STRIATUM
    Shen Zheng,Xiao Jian,Lin Shu-zhi,Wang Li-hua (Beijing University)
    1983, 15 (1):  124-129. 
    Abstract ( 503 )  
    The authors observed the effects of He-Ne laser quided into brain byoptic fiber on the conditioned avoidance response (CAR) and the contents of6 neurotransmitters in the corpus striatum of 54 rats divided into four groups. After CAR training for 3 minutes the animals were decapitated and thetransmitters in corpus striatum were assaied. The results showed that only the group of He-Ne laser radiation to thecaudate prevailed over the operated control group in learning behavior index.Both norepinephrine and dopamine in corpus striatum of this group weresimultaneously increased.These were the specific brain chemical changes.
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