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25 June 1959, Volume 3 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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HOW TO DEVELOP MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN CHINA TING TSAN (Institute of Psychology, Academia Sinica) 1959, 3 (3):  16-20.  Abstract ( 470 )   The author asserts the importance of medical psychology in medical and prophylactic works during the establishment of socialism in China. Beginning with criticisms against the traditional viewpoint which looks upon the human being as a mere biological organism but overlooks man's psychological activities, he proceeds to animadvert on the essence of the so-called "psycho-somatic medicine" developed in medical circles'capitalistic nations, especially in the United States.The author demonstrates further from the historical facts of scientific development the correct solution of the problems of psychic nature and psychosomatic relationship achieved in the light of the philosophy of Marxism and Leninism and of the scientific theories of Pavlov. He further makes it clear that extremely superior conditions exist today in China for establishing and developing medical psychology.Finally, the author introduces the present condition of medical psychology in China and its applications in researches. The primary task of medical psychology in China today, ns pointed out by the author, is to collaborate with psychiatry in the service to prophylaxis of mental diseases. Then with every department of mecidine and hygiene is medical psychology to be widely coordinated. Related Articles | Metrics

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FUNCTION OF PSYCHOTHERAPY IN A SPEEDY AND SYNTHETIC TREATMENT OF NEURATHENIA Division of Medical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Academia Sinica 1959, 3 (3):  21-30.  Abstract ( 470 )   This paper summarizes the experience in the speedy and synthetic treatment of neurathenia. It is recognized that one of the characteristics of the treatment is the thorough application of psychotherapy based on Materialistic Psychology. A detailed presentation is given of the contents and the methods of psychotherapy and its fundamental difference from the psychotherapy in the past. Problems which require further studies are also pointed out. Related Articles | Metrics

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A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE VISUAL JUDGMENT OF FLAMES BY THE STEEL WORKERS OPERATING THE CONVERTERS Division of industrial Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Academia Sinica 1959, 3 (3):  31-37.  Abstract ( 409 )   This is a report on preliminary study in the training of steel workers to judge the flames of converters. During the work of operating the converters, the workers can only depend on the conditions of flames at the openning of the converter for the judgment of the physico-chemical process going on inside the furnace. Becatise of the extremely strong intensity and great changeability of flames and the background unfavorable for the clear contrast of perceptual objects, and also because Of the difficulty in synthetically responding to a compound stimulus, it is rather hard for the workers to master the technique of judging the flames. In order to overcome such difficulties, the investigators first summarized the experience of workers. In the course of training, the following methods were used: 1) to single out the visual objects and establish connections among visual signals, 2) to master gradually the differentiation of fine details, 3) to make use of the localization of flames in time and space, 4) to apply the method of visual and verbal reinforcements. The effect of seven-teen days' tralningby the new method exceeded the several months' learning in the past. Related Articles | Metrics

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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON OBSERVATIONS OF STIMULI FROM DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS HSI SHENG-CHANG, TSOU YU-HUI, AND LIN CHUNG-HSIEN (The Sixth Aviation School, Institute of Aviation Medicine and Institute of Psychology, Academia Sinica) 1959, 3 (3):  38-47.  Abstract ( 557 )   An experimental study was carried out on observations of single light stimulus and of combinations of 2—3 light stimuli presented from different directions while the subjects were operating Link Trainer along a flight course. A central group which did not operate on the machine, also took part in the experiment. The results shpwed that, in both groups, the stimuli appearing in the front direction are most easily discovered, especially so are those from the left-front (or rather from the middle of the left-front) direction. There is not much difference between the reaction time in observing the stimuli from the left and from the right. The most difficult one is the stimulus appearing at the back direction, When the three regions, namely, upper, middle, and lower regions are compared, it is found that stimuli in the upper region are most difficult to discover. When the number of stimuli increases to two or three, the observation becomes incomplete. Moreover, the greater the distance between the stimuli, the more imperfect will be the observation. Related Articles | Metrics

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CONDITIONED REFLEX IN SIMULTANEOUS DISCRIMINATION OF FIGURES IN DOG Wu Chin-eh (Institute of Psychology, Academia Sinica) 1959, 3 (3):  48-52.  Abstract ( 1031 )   The purpose of this experiment is to clarify the question whether a dog can discriminate two simultaniously presented geometrical figures, as well as to explain the dog's physiological mechanisms of simultaneous differentiation according to the fundamental principles of Pavlov's theory. The experiment was carried out with two dogs on a conditioned motor running reflex. The stimuli consisted of two white figures on a black background, one being a rectangle and the other, a triangle of equal area. The results show that: (1) the dogs succeeded in discriminating the simultaneously presented stimuli of two geometrical figures, (2) in response to these paired stimuli, the dogs reacted not only to the absolute stimuli——the rectangle served as a positive signal for food, and triangle, merely as a negative signal, but also to their combined effect as a compound stimulus. Related Articles | Metrics