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ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

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    25 December 1996, Volume 28 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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    A STUDY ON ORTHOGRAPHIC DEPTH OF CHINESE WORDS AND READING TIME
    Zhang Jijia,Wang Huiping(Yantai Teachers College,Yantai 264025)
    1996, 28 (4):  337-344. 
    Abstract ( 1189 )  
    The present study explored the effects of orthographic depth on reading time of Chinese words by naming task.The results showed:(1)Orthographic depth has important effects on reading time of Chinese words.The subjects took different time to read different kinds of Chinese characters,shorter time to read regular XING SHENG characters,longer time to read irregular XING SHENG characters that have sound parts but the sound parts do not mark sounds.(2) Compared with one-sound words,naming Chinese homographes took longer time.There were also differences in naming time between superior responses and inferior responses.(3) There were interactions among word frequency,context and orthographic depth. The whole study suggested that orthographic depth has indeed a strong psychological reality in recognition of Chinese words, and has important effects on reading time of Chinese words.
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    RESEARCH ON TEMPORAL SUCCESSION PROCESSING MECHANISM AND MODALITY EFFECTS
    Wang Zhenyong,Huang Xiting(Psychology Department of Southwest China Normal University,Chongqing,630715)
    1996, 28 (4):  345-351. 
    Abstract ( 959 )  
    Two experiments were carried out in this research.The first experiment,by employing length of line and acoustic frequency studied three questions :how the temporal information is processed;when the temporal information is corded;and the temporal modality effects.The second experiment repeats the procedures of experiment one by utilizing new stimulus of Chinese words.The results showed that audio-visual modality effects exist in the processing of temporal succession information,and the mechanism of modality effects is rooted in memory and is related to the processing depth of material and way of processing.There are both automatic and controlled processing in processing succession information,the visual stimulation tends to process automatically,but acoustic stimulation processes in a controlled manner,The information of temporal succession is corded while the items are studied.
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    A STUDY OF SEMANTIC AND GRAMMATICAL FACTORS INFLUENCING PRONOUN PROCESSING
    Miao,Xiaochun(Institute of Psychology,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200062)
    1996, 28 (4):  352-358. 
    Abstract ( 991 )  
    This study examined the influence of sentence semantics, the parallel function of pronoun and its antecedent,and whether the pronoun is the subject of sentence on pronoun processing, The results showed that semantics is the primacy in pronoun assignment.The subjects generally select the referent of pronoun on the basis of semantic information. The parallel function of pronoun and its antecedent speeds pronoun assignment under certain conditions.The parallel function strategy was partially supported in the study, Whether the antecedent is the subject or is first mentioned in the clause affects the assignment and its rate to a certain extent.
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    A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON MORAL JUDGMENT OF VICTIMIZING BEHAVIOR AND RELEVANT EMOTIONAL ATTRIBUTION IN YOUNG CHILDREN
    Tang Hong,Fang Fuxi(Institute of Psychology, CAS, Beijing,100012)
    1996, 28 (4):  359-366. 
    Abstract ( 1107 )  
    The present study interviewed young children aged 4,5,6 with understandable daily life stories and investigated the characteristics of their social moral knowledge,moral judgment and relevant emotional prediction,so as to study the development of young children's moral cognition and moral emotion,and whether they were connected to each other.The results showed: young children did acquire basic knowledge of moral rules in daily life,and judged the moral rights of behavior in terms of these pre-conceptual knowledge;careness for others emerged and obscured the ego-centrism in their moral cognition;it seemed that the young children's moral emotion were apart from their moral cognition in the emotional prediction of story victimizer but not in that of oneself supposed as the victimizer,showing a split between them. The above results indicated that young children's moral cognitive development was influenced by Chinese traditional culture which emphasized moral education and careness to others, as the result their moral emotion emerged earlier; that influenced by the poor perspective-taking abilities,young children's moral emotion was still apart from their moral cognition in the emotional attribution of the story victimizer.
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    THE STRATEGY TRAINING OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS'FORMATION OF CONJUNCTIVE CONCEPT AND ITS TRANSFERRING EFFECT
    Chen,Yinghe(Institute of Child Psychology,Beijing Normal University, 100875)Lin Yuxin(Psychological Counselling Center,Electric Power University of North China, Beijing,102206)
    1996, 28 (4):  367-374. 
    Abstract ( 1106 )  
    Taking the method of problem clarification, strategy instruction,comparison with discussion and consolidation through practicing, this study trained the strategy of forming conjunctive concept in forth grade pupils. The result showed that training not only improved children's ability of forming conjunctive concept,promoted their metacognitive level,but also had transferring effect on the solving of related problems.
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    RESEARCH ON THE LEARNING STRATEGIES OF LEARNING HANDICAPPED STUDENTS
    Yang,Xinde(Ningbo Normal College Zheijiang,315211)
    1996, 28 (4):  375-379. 
    Abstract ( 1327 )  
    This is a comparative research on semantic coding strategies of 38 learning handicapped students and 48 excellent learning students. The results showed that the learning handicapped students could not spontaneously make use of the learning strategies,There was no difference in rote learning between the learning handicapped and the excellent learning students.Strategy training could raise the learning achievement of the learning handicapped students.
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    A REVISION STUDY ON COPE SCALE
    Wei Youhua,Tang Shengqin(Dept of Psychology,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200062)
    1996, 28 (4):  380-387. 
    Abstract ( 1650 )  
    The COPE Scale developed by C.S.Carver,et al was preliminarily revised, using 744 Chinese undergraduates as subjects,The results showed that the COPE Scale has good reliability and validity up to psychological test standard,and can be used to assess coping activities.
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    VARIANCE ANALYSIS METHOD OF JOB EVALUATION:ITS APPLICATION TO DETERMINING BANK JOB GRADES
    Wang Erping,Huheshaobu,Gong Zenghuai,Liu Xuefen(Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,100012)(Personnel Department,People's Bank of China,Beijing,100800)
    1996, 28 (4):  388-395. 
    Abstract ( 1050 )  
    One aim of the personnel management reform in Chinese state-owned banking organizations is establishing a unique job grade system to replace the present executive and professional ones. Determining the number of grades and assigning them to job categories are two critical problems to the reform.Lack of job standards and job classification in present personnel management would make the solution of these problems difficult if popular job evaluation methods were applied. Variance Analysis Method (VAM)of job evaluation developed by the first author is selected to solve the problems.The procedure is as follows.1) Job analysis.The Position Analysis Questionnaire(PAQ)is selected to obtain the descriptive data of positions by interviewing job incumbents individually,2) Job classification,Ward's hierarchical clustering method is selected to cluster positions and to generalize job characteristics based on the descriptive data.3) Evaluating jobs,F statistic of a comparable worth component is converted as the weight of the component.Job value is the linear combination of all the components.4) Calculating variety intervals of job cluster values, 95%confidence interval of each cluster values is determined as the variety interval.5)Determining grade numbers and assigning them to job categories.Job clusters are merged into several categories according to organizational hierarchies.A category interval is the merged intervals of those included clusters.A divisor is sought for dividing all category intervals with the fewest discrepancies. Grades are then determined and assigned to job categories.This procedure was applied in one banking organization,841 samples of 452 jobs were evaluated. 31 job clusters were determined then merged into 6 categories with the assistance of banking personnel experience.16 job grades were determined and assigned to job categories, The effectiveness and applicability of the VAM for determining job grades was substantiated by the results.
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    FACTORS INFLUENCING DEFENDANTS'CONFESSION AND MEASURES UNDERMINING THEIR SIDE-EFFECTS
    Luo Dahua,Zhao Guifen(China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing)Zhou,Yong(Institute for Crime Prevention of the Ministry of Justice,Beijing)
    1996, 28 (4):  396-404. 
    Abstract ( 1197 )  
    The purpose of this study was to explore factors influencing the defendants'confession and measures undermining their side-effects.195 police and judicial officers and 185 prisoners were examined by means of Questionnaire,Results revealed:(1) There were 10 factors affecting the disforming of the defendants'confessional motivation while 9 factors affecting the forming of it.Role of those factors thought by police and judicial officers were generally more than that thought by the prisoners,and there were different tendencies between the two kinds of subjects.(2)There were 15 factors that might affect the defendants which were willing to confess but could not confess things according to the facts,and 6 of them indeed had effects.(3)There were 9 measures thought to be efficient to the defendants who would not confess and 10 measures thought to be efficient to the defendants who were willing to confess but could not accurately confess,The ideas between police and judicial officers and prisoners on the validity of measures are complementary.
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    AGE-AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS OF POWER ENCEPHALOFLUCTUOGRAPH IN ADULTS
    Li Deming,Mei Lei,Liu Chang, Li Guiyun(Brain-Behavior Research Center Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100012)
    1996, 28 (4):  405-413. 
    Abstract ( 1129 )  
    A study on age-and cognitive function-related characteristics of encephalofluctuograph was accomplished in 120 normal subjects of 20 to 79 years of age. The results showed:(1)The age-related decreasing process of power gradient,in which there were low power in the frontal area and high power in the occiput area in the configuration of dominant power encephalofluctuograph,was more apparent in the group with poor performance of cognitive test than in the group with good performance of cognitive test,(2)The influence of the age×cognition interaction on dominant power in encephalofluctuograph was concentrated on the left-anterior/right-posterior brain axis.(3)The changes of anterior-posterior gradient and left-right asymmetry of dominant power in encephalofluctuograph indicated that the regulation and control of dominant power in anterior-posterior and left-right brain might bring into play in different levels,and the coordinative activities of anterior-posterior and leftright brain had close relations to cognitive function. The results suggested that power-encephalofluctuograph was closely relative to cognitive function and its aging process.
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    EFFECTS OF BICUCULLINE ON MEMORY FORMATION IN THE DAY-OLD CHICK FOLLOWING WEAKLY REINFORCED TRAINING
    Weng Xuchu,Kuang Peizi,Chen Shuangshuang(Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100012)
    1996, 28 (4):  414-418. 
    Abstract ( 942 )  
    This study was designed to examine the role of the GABAergic system in modulation of memory formation of chicks following weakly reinforced training on a one-trial passive avoidance task. Results indicate:(1) memory formation in chicks is modulated by the GABAergic system;(2) although the GABAergic system directly modulates intermediate-term memory,it appears also to be crucial for the formation of long-term memory.
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    AN ANALYTICAL EXPRESSION OF WEBER RATIO
    Chen Wenxi,(Shanxi Mining Institute,Taiyua,030024)
    1996, 28 (4):  419-424. 
    Abstract ( 1060 )  
    The present paper begins with constructing a mathematical model for cortex effect E caused by stimulus code along the afferent channel.The model E=Blog(1+kI),k=I ̄(-b)/a in terms of stimulus intensity I is based on neurophysiological experiments and the practicality of receptor functions acquired in the long run of evolution.Accordingly, the criterion of difference limen for moderate stimuli has been shown to be △E=constant, which, being generaized to weak stimuli,leads to a resonable extension of Weber's law:△I/(I+aI ̄b)=constant N,which is valid to weak and strong stimuli. Thus the old problem over a hundred years ago concerning extend of the validity of Weber’s law to include weak stimuli seems to be more or less settled.
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    ON THE STANDARDIZATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TRANSLATION
    Shen Heyong,(Department of Psychology,South-China Normal Univeysity)
    1996, 28 (4):  425-430. 
    Abstract ( 1040 )  
    The Standardization of psychological translation is a very important research topic of theoretical psychology and the history of psychology.It has significant meaning both to the development of psychology and psychological study in our country,and to the international academic exchanges of psychology. Standardization is a base of scientific development,and a symbol of maturing, or a symbol of moderation of a discipline. The author expresses his opinion and consideration about the standardization of psychological translation in this paper,and used this paper as a way of commemorating Prof. Gao Juefu.
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    A STUDY OF PROCESSING TIME AND COMPREHENSION OF SENTENCES IN STORY READING
    Lu Zhongyi,Wang Qinghua,Peng Danling(Hebei Teachers College,Shijiazhuang,050091)(Beijing Normal University,Beijing,100875)
    1996, 28 (4):  431-435. 
    Abstract ( 984 )  
    This experiment tested processing time and comprehension of sentences of two-episode stories.Thirty students read the stories sentence by sentence by controlling the reading speed themselves on the computer. After the subjects finished reading one story, they recalled it immediately. The data showed that(1) reading time is a pattern of decreases.(2)recalling of the stories is a pattern of wave.(3)reading time is not a function of comprehension and recalling.
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    RELIABILITY ESTIMATE FORMULAS FOR CRITERION-REFERENCED TESTS
    Chen Xizhen(Putian Institute,Fujian,351100)
    1996, 28 (4):  436-442. 
    Abstract ( 1472 )  
    A criterion-referenced measure is a test that is different from a a norm-referenced measure.In a criterion-referenced measure an examinee’s score is not compared with others,but is compared with a criterion that has been set.If a criterion-referenced measure is constructed by sampling tasks from this domain of tasks,our interest is how closely do the examinee's scores in this measure approximate with the domain scores.If we intend to make mastery classification based on the examinee's scores, our interest is how closely is the agreement between domain and test score mastery classification.In this paper reliability estimation for the two problems stated above is the criterion-referenced tests are discussed,and some estimating formulas were obtained.
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