心理学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 177-187.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2019.00177
收稿日期:
2018-02-09
发布日期:
2018-12-24
出版日期:
2019-02-25
通讯作者:
鲁忠义
E-mail:zhongyilu@126.com
基金资助:
Received:
2018-02-09
Online:
2018-12-24
Published:
2019-02-25
Contact:
LU Zhongyi
E-mail:zhongyilu@126.com
摘要:
采用情感错误归因范式(AMP)和经典情感启动范式(BFP), 在汉语双音节中性名词的前面加上否定或肯定词, 构成“没有/有XX”短语, 作为启动材料, 以中性俄语词或汉语情绪词为目标材料, 探讨了汉语否定加工的情绪表征。在实验1的AMP范式中, 刺激反应不同步(SOA)时间为200 ms和500 ms, 结果显示, 否定短语比肯定短语有显著高的消极反应概率; 在实验2的BFP范式中, 否定短语比肯定短语同样启动了更高的消极反应概率。实验结果表明, 否定本身具有消极效价, 否定加工通过消极情绪实现具身化。
中图分类号:
高志华, 鲁忠义. (2019). “没有”为什么隐含着“消极情绪”?——否定加工中的情绪表征. 心理学报, 51(2), 177-187.
GAO Zhihua, LU Zhongyi. (2019). Why “no” implies “negative emotion”? Emotional representation in negation processing. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 51(2), 177-187.
启动项 | SOA: 200 ms (N = 38) | SOA: 500 ms (N = 40) |
---|---|---|
否定短语 | 0.64 ± 0.20 | 0.63 ± 0.19 |
肯定短语 | 0.30 ± 0.19 | 0.30 ± 0.20 |
表1 实验1两种SOA条件下中性短语启动的消极反应概率(M ± SD)
启动项 | SOA: 200 ms (N = 38) | SOA: 500 ms (N = 40) |
---|---|---|
否定短语 | 0.64 ± 0.20 | 0.63 ± 0.19 |
肯定短语 | 0.30 ± 0.19 | 0.30 ± 0.20 |
情绪词指标 | 消极效价 | 积极效价 | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
词频 | 50.06 ± 48.09 | 49.21 ± 48.98 | 0.01 | 0.912 |
效价 | 3.12 ± 0.24 | 6.80 ± 0.20 | 10937.67 | < 0.001 |
唤醒水平 | 4.86 ± 0.63 | 4.69 ± 0.60 | 3.01 | 0.085 |
优势水平 | 5.08 ± 0.54 | 5.78 ± 0.56 | 64.78 | < 0.001 |
熟悉程度 | 4.91 ± 0.44 | 5.63 ± 0.45 | 104.35 | < 0.001 |
表2 实验2目标项的词频和情绪维度各指标分析
情绪词指标 | 消极效价 | 积极效价 | F | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
词频 | 50.06 ± 48.09 | 49.21 ± 48.98 | 0.01 | 0.912 |
效价 | 3.12 ± 0.24 | 6.80 ± 0.20 | 10937.67 | < 0.001 |
唤醒水平 | 4.86 ± 0.63 | 4.69 ± 0.60 | 3.01 | 0.085 |
优势水平 | 5.08 ± 0.54 | 5.78 ± 0.56 | 64.78 | < 0.001 |
熟悉程度 | 4.91 ± 0.44 | 5.63 ± 0.45 | 104.35 | < 0.001 |
启动 | 目标 | SOA: 200 ms (N = 43) | 启动 | 目标 | SOA: 500 ms (N = 46) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
消极反应 | 正确率 | 消极反应 | 正确率 | ||||
否定中性 | 积极 | 0.11 ± 0.15 | 0.89 ± 0.15 | 否定中性 | 积极 | 0.09 ± 0.16 | 0.91 ± 0.16 |
消极 | 0.93 ± 0.09 | 0.93 ± 0.09 | 消极 | 0.96 ± 0.18 | 0.96 ± 0.18 | ||
肯定中性 | 积极 | 0.09 ± 0.09 | 0.91 ± 0.87 | 肯定中性 | 积极 | 0.05 ± 0.05 | 0.95 ± 0.05 |
消极 | 0.89 ± 0.15 | 0.89 ± 0.15 | 消极 | 0.94 ± 0.22 | 0.94 ± 0.22 |
表3 实验2不同条件下消极反应概率与反应正确率(M ± SD)
启动 | 目标 | SOA: 200 ms (N = 43) | 启动 | 目标 | SOA: 500 ms (N = 46) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
消极反应 | 正确率 | 消极反应 | 正确率 | ||||
否定中性 | 积极 | 0.11 ± 0.15 | 0.89 ± 0.15 | 否定中性 | 积极 | 0.09 ± 0.16 | 0.91 ± 0.16 |
消极 | 0.93 ± 0.09 | 0.93 ± 0.09 | 消极 | 0.96 ± 0.18 | 0.96 ± 0.18 | ||
肯定中性 | 积极 | 0.09 ± 0.09 | 0.91 ± 0.87 | 肯定中性 | 积极 | 0.05 ± 0.05 | 0.95 ± 0.05 |
消极 | 0.89 ± 0.15 | 0.89 ± 0.15 | 消极 | 0.94 ± 0.22 | 0.94 ± 0.22 |
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