ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (1): 47-57.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2018.00047

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 同伴在场和自尊水平对青少年冒险行为的影响:来自ERPs的证据

 田录梅; 袁竞驰; 李永梅   

  1.  (山东师范大学心理学院, 济南 250358)
  • 收稿日期:2017-02-24 发布日期:2017-11-28 出版日期:2018-01-25
  • 通讯作者: 田录梅, E-mail: tianlumei@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
     山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2014CM016)资助。

 Effects of peer presence and self-esteem on adolescent risk-taking behavior: Evidence from an ERP study

 TIAN Lumei; YUAN Jingchi; LI Yongmei   

  1.  (School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China)
  • Received:2017-02-24 Online:2017-11-28 Published:2018-01-25
  • Contact: TIAN Lumei, E-mail: tianlumei@sina.com
  • Supported by:
     

摘要:  采用事件相关电位(ERP)技术, 探讨同伴在场与自尊水平对青少年冒险行为的影响。实验采用气球模拟风险任务(BART), 比较不同条件下青少年冒险行为量的差异。结果发现:(1) 同伴在场时青少年冒险行为更多, 比无同伴在场诱发的N1、P3、LPP波幅更大; (2) 高自尊青少年更加冒险, 且诱发的P3、LPP波幅更大; (3) 同伴在场与自尊的交互作用显著, 仅高自尊青少年的同伴在场效应明显, 诱发出更大波幅的N1、P3、LPP成分。结果提示, 同伴在场时高自尊的青少年更可能参与一些非消极的冒险行为, 这可能是因为他们对冒险中的奖赏信息更敏感、更兴奋、趋近动机更强。

关键词: 冒险行为, 同伴在场, 自尊, 青少年, 事件相关电位

Abstract:  Adolescents are known to engage in more risk-taking behaviors (such as smoking, drug use, skiing, and climbing) than children and adults. Previous research has suggested that at least two factors are associated with adolescent risk-taking behavior: one is the presence of a peer, which could activate the brain’s reward circuitry and lead to adolescents’ more reward preference and risk-taking; the other is self-esteem, high self-esteem individuals are inclined to take part in more risky behaviors, particularly those socially acceptable risky behaviors. However, the interaction between peer presence and self-esteem on adolescent risk-taking behavior is still unclear; especially evidence from ERP studies is rare. With ERP technique, the present study explored the interaction between peer presence and self-esteem on adolescent risk-taking behavior. According to the scores on Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, 34 participants were chosen from 216 freshmen and were divided into two groups: the 16 students with top scores were in high self-esteem group and the 18 adolescents with lowest scores were in low self-esteem group. Each group was then divided into two subgroups: one was peer presence subgroup in which each adolescent was asked to bring a sex-same peer to come to observe his or her following experiment performance on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART); in the other subgroup without a peer in presence, all participants completed the BART alone. All participants’ EEGs were recorded when they were operating BART and their BART values (total number of inflating balloons / number of unexploded balloons) were also calculated as their behavioral index of risk-taking behavior. Behavioral results indicated that: 1) those adolescents with either a peer in presence or high self-esteem showed more risk-taking behaviors; 2) self-esteem moderated the effect of peer presence on adolescent risk-taking behavior: only for high self-esteem adolescents, did peer presence significantly increase their risk-taking behaviors. The ERP experiment showed similar results: 1) compared to the alone group, the group with a peer in presence demonstrated larger amplitudes of N1, P3 and LPP; and high self-esteem adolescents’ P3 and LPP amplitudes were also greater than those with low self-esteem, indicating possibly more risk-taking behaviors; 2) the effect of peer presence was only significant for high self-esteem adolescents who showed greater amplitudes of N1, P3 and LPP components when observed by a peer. These findings provide ERP evidence for the effects of peer presence and self-esteem on adolescent risk-taking behavior and suggest that adolescents with high self-esteem should be more influenced by their peers on their risk-taking, particularly on that non-negative risk-taking, possibly because they are more sensitive, more exciting, and have a stronger approach motivation to rewards in risk-taking.

Key words: risk-taking behavior, peer presence, self-esteem, adolescents, event-related potentials

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