ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办：中国心理学会
　　　中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 27-35.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2014.00027

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

现实预期与意愿预期在文本阅读中的保持

吕超;莫雷;伍丽梅;陈琳;罗雪莹   

  1. (1华南师范大学心理应用研究中心, 广州 510631) (2深圳市育新学校, 深圳 518107) (3暨南大学华文学院, 广州 510610) (4中山大学国际汉语学院, 广州 510275) (5华南师范大学国际文化学院, 广州 510631)
  • 收稿日期:2011-12-26 发布日期:2014-01-25 出版日期:2014-01-25
  • 通讯作者: 莫雷
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2012CB720700); 教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“说明文情境模型的构建及其促进策略的研究” (10YJCXLX048)。

The Preservation of Readers’ Reality-predictive and Preference-predictive Inferences in Narrative Comprehension

LU Chao;MO Lei;WU Limei;CHEN Lin;LUO Xueying   

  1. (1 Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China) (2 School of Shenzhen Yuxin, Shenzhen, 518107, China) (3 College of Chinese Language and Culture, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510610, China) (4 School of Chinese as a Second Language, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China) (5 College of International Culture, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China)
  • Received:2011-12-26 Online:2014-01-25 Published:2014-01-25
  • Contact: MO Lei

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摘要：

文本阅读中, 读者往往对事件的后续发展进行预期推理。预期推理有两种倾向, 要么是倾向于根据客观现实条件进行的现实预期, 要么是倾向于根据主观的个人意愿进行的意愿预期。3个实验通过自定步调阅读范式探讨了文本阅读中读者产生的现实预期和意愿预期的保持。结果发现, 现实预期和意愿预期在长时记忆中的保持情况差异明显, 现实预期不能在长时记忆中保持, 而意愿预期则能保持; 但意愿预期也不能单独存在, 会受到现实条件的制约, 在受到现实否定后即时消退, 不再影响读者的进一步阅读。

关键词: 预期推理, 现实预期, 意愿预期, 保持

Abstract:

Predictive inferences (PI) in text reading can have been defined as estimation and expectation to the upcoming matters in the text based on the current reading information. Research on PI in text reading has been one of the hotspots in the field of narrative reading. Numerous researchers have studied on the issues of activation, factors, and representation of contextual PI, coming up with various achievements. Reality factor and preference factor are two main factors influencing the process of readers’ PI, hence PI in text reading can be categorized into two different types: reality-PI and preference-PI. Reality-PI are PI to the results based on the objective situation of contextual information, combined with common experience. The readers will predict and infer based on their own emotion and preference, i.e., preference-PI. Previous studies on PI mainly focused on the processing mechanism of reality-PI, few focus on preference-PI. The aim of the present study was to investigate the difference of preservation of these two types of PI in long term memory. Three experiments were designed, using self-paced reading procedure. Experiment 1 and 2 have investigated the preservation of reality-PI and preference-PI in long term memory. Experiment 3 investigated whether preference-PI will vanish by negating the reality condition in the sentence which may trigger preference. Participants were asked to read short narratives firstly and answer a related question after reading each passage. All materials were presented on a computer-controlled monitor. Participants read the passages in a self-paced manner, advancing the text one line at a time by pressing the space bar. Participants were instructed to read carefully. The reaction time of the prime was recorded and analyzed. The results of the present study have suggested that there is obvious difference between the preservation of reality-PI and that of preference-PI in the long term memory. Preference-PI can be preserved in the long-term memory while reality-PI can not. However, readers can no longer preserve the original preference-PI if it is restricted by real-world condition, which has suggested that preference-PI can not solely exist and is restricted by real-world condition. It will vanish if negated by the reality and will no longer affect readers’ further reading.

Key words: predictive inference, reality-predictive inferences, preference-predictive inferences, preservation