ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 890-902.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2015.00890

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同药物相关线索反应下感觉-运动脑区的激活及作用

曾红1;苏得权1;姜醒2;陈骐3;叶浩生1   

  1. (1广州大学心理系 广州大学心理与脑科学研究中心 广州 510003)
    (2暨南大学医学院 广州 510632) (3华南师范大学心理学院 广州 510631)
  • 收稿日期:2014-12-05 发布日期:2015-07-25 出版日期:2015-07-25
  • 通讯作者: 叶浩生, E-mail: yehaosheng0817@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(31200831)、广东省“创新强校工程”省级重大项目(2014WZDXM02)资助。

Activations of Sensory-motor Brain Regions in Response to Different Types of Drug-associated Cues

ZENG Hong1; SU Dequan1; JIANG Xing2; CHEN Qi3; YE Haosheng1   

  1. (1 Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510003, China) (2 Medical school, Jinan University,
    Guangzhou 510632, China) (3 School of Psychology, South-China normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China)
  • Received:2014-12-05 Online:2015-07-25 Published:2015-07-25
  • Contact: YE Haosheng, E-mail: yehaosheng0817@163.com

摘要:

药物相关线索反应不仅表现在心理渴求, 也表现在强迫性用药行为上。相关线索下, 除包括奖赏环路在内的边缘系统被激活外, 感觉-运动脑区也被激活, 引发自动化动作图式的表达, 这对相关线索反应及复吸行为具有特殊的意义。是否所有相关线索都会激活感觉-运动脑区, 目前, 还不清楚, 而这对临床治疗具有重要意义。本研究采用磁共振扫描, 生理测试等方法探索了不同类型相关线索下, 海洛因成瘾戒断者的大脑激活状况, 试图了解他们在不同线索刺激下的大脑反应。采用组内实验设计, 测量29名海洛因成瘾者相关线索反应下的血氧水平。结果发现, 相比对照线索, 所有药物相关线索, 包括药物、用药工具、用药动作线索都更多激活扣带回、海马、舌回、梭回等与奖赏机制相关的脑区; 而不同类型的药物相关线索之间的比较则显示, 用药工具和用药动作线索更多激活了双侧颞中回、双侧顶下小叶、左侧顶上小叶和右侧额下回等感觉-运动脑区。用药动作线索比单纯药物和用药工具线索, 激活了更为广泛的动作脑区。由此, 我们认为药物相关线索导致成瘾者大脑中奖赏和感觉-动作两套系统被激活, 包含用药工具、用药动作在内的相关线索会激活更多的感觉-运动脑区。

关键词: 相关线索反应, 奖赏系统, 感觉-运动系统, 药物成瘾

Abstract:

The majority of the neuroimaging literature on drug cue reactivity has focused on subcortical and prefrontal correlates of reward, learning or executive function. However, the reactivity of sensory-motor brain regions in response to drug-associated cues (observing drug using action or drug using tool cues ) has been found to be correlated with continued drug use, craving or relapse. This action-related brain region for drug cue reactivity, which includes parietal and lateral frontal cortices, is essential for drug using behavior and relapse but it has largely been neglected as a topic of research, and little is known about the sensory and motor mechanisms of addiction. The aim of the current study was to investigate the brain reactivity of heroin dependent individuals under different cues. We hypothesized that all drug-related cues would activate the brain area associated with reward function. In addition, we hypothesized that the stimuli related to drug use action and drug use tools would activate the sensory and motor brain areas, with the two brain systems interacting simultaneously in the heroin addicted brain with regards to cue-reactivity tasks. We used a within group design to run the experiment and a block design to show the stimuli for functional magnetic resonance imagining (fMRI). Heroin abstinent and heroin dependent participants (N = 29; 17 men, 12 women; average age 42 years; right handed) were recruited through written and oral advertisements at the volunteer rehabilitation centers in Sanshui, Guangdong. 3.0-T fMRI, self-report, psychological and physiological tests for anxiety, body temperature, Galvanic skin, blood pressure, and heart rate were used to measure the cue-induced brain reactivity and body reaction while participants observed different picture cues. The cues were divided into pure drug and relevant control pictures, drug use tools and relevant control pictures, drug using action and relevant control action pictures. Compared to control cues, all drug related cues, including pure drugs, drug use tools and actions, activated ACC and HYP, which are related to the reward mechanism, and the fusiform area and lingual gyrus. When three different types of drug-related cues were compared with each other, the regions involved in the simulation of action and tool use area were found to have been activated. All the participants showed greater activity in left occipital lobe, post-central gyrus, temporal lobe, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, superior parietal lobule/(SPL) and inferior parietal lobule (IPL) when viewing actions and drug use tool pictures versus pure drug pictures. Drug use action stimuli activated more sensory-motion areas than pure drug and drug use tool stimuli. These results demonstrate that drug-related cues activated two neuro systems in the brain, namely reward and sensory motor systems, at the same time. The stimuli of drug use tools and drug use action activated more sensory-motor areas. The reactivity of the sensory-motor area may indicate that heroin dependent individuals spontaneously represent the action of drug use when viewing drug-related action or tool cues. The consequence may be that it is more difficult for heroin-dependent individuals to be abstinent from drug use and more likely to relapse. The study proved the reactivity of the sensory-motor area under drug-related cues and clarified the response of different brain areas to different types of drug-related cues. The findings have significance in terms of addiction pathology and suggest that drug use actions and tool cues need be considered in the treatment of drug addiction and in relapse prevention. Also, the results indicate that drug dependent individuals need to avoid these kinds of cues in day to day life in order to prevent automatic drug use behavior.

Key words: cue-induced reactivity, reward system, sensor-motor system