ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办:中国心理学会
   中国科学院心理研究所
出版:科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2005, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (02): 189-198.

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因果判断中经验与共变信息的结合及各自作用

胡清芬,陈英和,林崇德   

  1. 北京师范大学发展心理研究所,北京100875
  • 收稿日期:2003-12-19 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2005-03-30 发布日期:2005-03-30
  • 通讯作者: 林崇德

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BELIEFS AND COVARIATION IN CAUSAL REASONING

Hu Qingfen, Chen Yinghe, Lin Chongde   

  1. Institute of Development Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
  • Received:2003-12-19 Revised:1900-01-01 Published:2005-03-30 Online:2005-03-30

摘要: 研究使用相继呈现信息的方法控制了被试获得信息的顺序,从而将经验和共变信息在因果判断中所起到的作用分离了出来。结果表明:(1)个体综合两种信息进行因果判断的过程既不是简单的相加操作,也不是使用经验信息控制共变信息的进入,而是先判断经验信息,再判断共变信息是否与之一致,当出现不一致的情况时又重新考虑经验信息。(2)在改变先前判断的过程中,经验信息所起的作用更大,其中又以当其证明待判断原因不可信时所产生的改变更大。

关键词: 因果判断, 经验信息, 共变信息

Abstract: The present study investigated how people combine covariation information and pre-existing beliefs in causal reasoning. The results were as follows: (1)Subjects did not add up this two sources of information simply, nor did they use a threshold for covariation information. They considered beliefs first, then judged whether the covariation was consistent with their pre-existing beliefs. When these two sources of information collided, they would reconsider their pre-existing beliefs. (2) The effects of beliefs were larger than those of covariation when subjects changed their judgements. These changes were larger when the candidate cause was unbelievable.

Key words: causal judgment, pre-exiting beliefs, covariation

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