ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
主办：中国心理学会
　　　中国科学院心理研究所
出版：科学出版社

心理学报 ›› 2004, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (03): 327-334.

• • 上一篇    下一篇

3~6岁儿童二级错误信念认知的发展

张文新,赵景欣,王益文,张粤萍   

  1. （山东师范大学心理系，济南 250014）
  • 收稿日期:2003-09-15 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2004-05-30 发布日期:2004-05-30
  • 通讯作者: 张文新

Development of Attribution of second-order False-beliefs by 3- to 6-year-old Children

Zhang Wenxin, Zhao Jingxin, Wang Yiwen, Zhang Yueping   

  1. (Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China)
  • Received:2003-09-15 Revised:1900-01-01 Published:2004-05-30 Online:2004-05-30
  • Contact: Zhang Wenxin

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摘要： 采用“新故事”对来自两所幼儿园的133名3~6岁儿童的二级错误信念进行了测查，探查了这一阶段儿童二级错误信念认知的发展。研究主要得出以下结论：4岁左右的儿童能够掌握二级未知知识，但是儿童对于二级错误信念的理解要晚1~2年，6岁左右是儿童二级错误信念发展的关键期。儿童对于信念问题的错误回答主要是基于一级推理，相当一部分的6岁儿童能够基于二级推理对信念问题做出合理解释。儿童对于二级错误信念认知的发展不是一个全或无的过程，而是一个逐步发展的过程。

关键词: 心理理论, 二级未知, 二级错误信念

Abstract: The ability to attribute 2nd-order false-beliefs and its developmental stage were investigated via the “new stories” paradigm in a sample of 133 children from two kindergartens. The results indicated that children around 4 years old could attribute second-order ignorance, but there was a developmental gap of 1- to-2 years between the attribution of second-order ignorance and second-order false-belief. The critical period for the development of children’s attribution of the second-order false-belief was around age six. A majority of 6 year-old children were able to justify their correct false-belief response based on genuine second-order reasoning, while their wrong answers to false-belief questions were mostly based on the first-order reasoning. The development of attribution to the second-order false-belief wasn’t an all-or-none process, but one of gradual process.

Key words: theory of mind, second-order ignorance, second-order false-belief