SOC理论对于适应性资源管理的理论解释与实验研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Paul Baltes和 Margret Baltes最先提出了一个成功年老化的元理论,选择优化与补偿理论（SOC）^[1],该理论最近被发展为生活管理的理论^[2]。基于相似的思路,本文主要阐述了该理论对于适应性资源管理的理论解释和实验研究及其与资源和功能的年龄变化之间的关系。在该框架中,SOC被界定为这样一种机制：选择性地投入资源（选择）,优化对资源的利用（优化）和在资源不足或丧失的情况下补偿性地利用其它资源（补偿）。由于资源量随着人步入年老而减少,老年人必须更节俭地利用其所剩的资源,使其最大限度地满足其生态学的要求。有关的实验证据主要来自于一些双任务作业研究,这些双任务作业探讨了感觉运动和认知功能之间的竞争性相互作用。总体上来说,利用SOC理论解释资源的适应性管理与利用可以有效指导实验研究,使其最大限度地揭示成功发展的条件与机制。

关键词: 选择优化与补偿理论, 选择, 优化, 补偿, 适应性资源管理, 年老化

Abstract: Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC) was originally proposed as a meta-theory for successful aging by Paul and Margret Baltes^[1], and was recently developed as a theory of life-management^[2]. In the same line, this review will mainly focus on the theoretical and empirical issues of SOC as a framework of adaptive resource regulation and its relationship with the age-graded changes in resources and functioning. In this framework, SOC is stipulated as a mechanism of selectively investing resources (selection), optimizing the utilization of resources (optimization), and compensatively using alternative resources in face of loss (compensation). Due to aging-induced decline in resources, older adults have to utilize their available resources more frugally and ecologically. Some strong empirical evidence for this argument came from the dual-task studies examining the competitive interplay between sensorimotor and cognitive functions. In general, the SOC framework of adaptive resource regulation can inform and direct the empirical approaches optimally suited for understanding the conditions and mechanism of successful development.

Key words: SOC, selection, optimization, compensation, adaptive resource regulation, aging

中图分类号:

B842

杨丽霞, 拉尔夫 Th. 克兰木普. (2003). SOC理论对于适应性资源管理的理论解释与实验研究. 心理学报, 35(增刊), 29-38.

Lixia Yang, Ralf Th. Krampe. (2003). SOC as a Framework of Adaptive Resource Regulation: Theoretical Issues and Empirical Application. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 35(增刊), 29-38.

参考文献

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